传国之玺——和氏璧
之所以对这个话题感兴趣,我承认是出于小女人的贪心。虽然我是标榜自己不爱钱的,但从没说过自己不爱财。除了钱之外——珍珠,翡翠,玛瑙,钻石,古玩,字画,房地产,信用卡。。。。。。嘿嘿,我都是爱滴。这些东西的好处是:保值,便于收藏与携带,不怕货币更迭,任你从美圆挺到日圆挺到RMB,这个都是硬通货啊~!
说到玉器,名头最响的,堪称玉器之王的,当数和氏璧。美玉甚多,而能为美玉著书立传的少之又少,而能成为镇国之宝,传世之玺的,惟有和氏璧。
大家都知道“完壁归赵”的故事。其实,赵只能算是和氏璧的后娘,在“完壁归赵”之前还有个故事叫“卞和献玉”。卞和是何许人也?他是楚国的一名采石工匠,也可以算是几千年来最忠心的顺民之一。据史书记载,他在荆山这个地方挖到了一块石头,坚称是美玉。他认定是玉,我想一是可能玉的比普通石头要重,另就是玉性清凉,拿在
手里象捧着冰棍儿。他将这块石头献给楚厉王,被拒绝,并砍了他一条腿。待武王即位,卞和痴心不改,再献之,又被砍去一条腿。楚文王继位后,卞和居然还不死心,冒着砍胳膊的危险又去献玉。到了地方他又怕啊,就抱着石头趴地上哭,哭到眼泪流尽流出了血。
(我的猜想:古代的很多利器开封前要饮血的,这样才是利刃。通常也就杀只鸡或鸭什么的拜祭一下,但碰到恶鬼之刃,如干将莫邪的,那就非得用炼刃人的血来开刃了。这石头的打磨通常也就用点井水泉水,再好点的用雪山融水或是地下温泉,但和氏璧这种万乘之璧,非得挖掘人的血泪来磨了。)
楚文王命玉工剖开那土疙瘩,果然一方美玉惊现于世。我想当时的场景应如当年美猴王破石而出一样震撼,虽然彼石蹦出了一顽猴儿,但此石一开,定是琉璃光彩,皇宫生辉啊!这石头我从没见过,连照片都没见过,但通过书上讲的,我认为首先应该是大,玉如果小了,就没有皇气,不可能成为镇国玺。其次是无暇。大玉通常就瑕疵多。这就好比,干活越多,出错越多,若是天天光干活不出错,那就是人才了。而这玉就是大且纯。再有一个就是奇特。据说此玉正面端详是羊脂一般细腻洁白,但若侧对光看,就呈现莹莹剔透的流水绿。(说到这里,口水直流)楚文王见此美玉,心下大喜,为表彰良民卞和砍其手脚不改忠心的崇高品格,给予这美玉卞和的冠名权,称其“和氏璧”。
由此我们得知,和氏璧其实是楚国之宝。
400年后,楚相国昭阳,灭赵败魏,威王将和氏璧赏赐昭阳。
昭阳是个烧包。一天跟一群朋友游览赤山的时候,应朋友的邀请拿出和氏璧给人传看。也该他破财,突然间,山旁的深潭有一长多长的大鱼及无数小鱼跃出水面,众人争睹奇迹,以至散席,和氏璧不翼而飞。这里我又有想法了,古代的美女有沉鱼落雁,闭月羞花之容,鱼既能为美女逃跑,也能为美玉欢呼啊,估计其玉之美引起日光折射,刺伤了鱼的视觉,于是“鱼贯而出”。但这鱼出的不是时候,给贼一可乘之机,等再现美玉之时,它已经给人拐带到赵国去了。
欲听玉玺之归处,且听下回分解。西西。
自那次宴会最后现身,50余年后,赵国太监缪贤偶以500金购得和氏璧,赵惠文王知道了,连骗带吓,将璧占为己有。
从《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》中,我明白了玉器这东西极具升值潜力,是值得收藏的好玩意儿。当年500金的玉到了秦昭襄王时候,他竟愿意以15座城池换璧。这后面的故事大家都知道了,我就不说了,总之蔺相如把玉又带回来了。不过,国力是掠夺的必要条件。61年后,秦灭赵,和氏璧不费一文就落如始皇帝口袋中。想当年我大清多少宝藏都给可恶的白毛子抢走了,害我连瞻仰的机会都没有了。过几百年,等咱们强大了,连大英博物馆带法国卢浮宫都给它搬回我们圆明园来。(这是我给子孙后代立下的遗愿)
秦始皇立位之后就想有个顺手的戳,和氏璧第一次遭受摧残。秦皇命人将和氏璧琢磨成方4寸的规矩形状,我印象里的和氏璧应该是半圆不方的,这时候开始中规中距了,变得非常没有创意,最可气的是难得美玉给平白凿去几部分,浪费啊!
李斯为玺篆文“受命于天,既寿永昌”,孙寿雕刻。秦始皇以为自己从此千秋万代都将是中国的皇帝了,即便他死了,也会将王位传于子嫡,他大言不惭地叫这玉玺为“传国玺”。自此,和氏璧成了皇权的象征,成了皇家专用璧。
据《史记·秦本记》,秦始皇东巡时病倒于途中,“乃为玺书赐公子扶苏”。始皇死后,玉玺传给二世胡亥。胡亥死,子婴立,“令子婴斋,当庙见受玉玺”。刘邦入咸阴,子婴“奉天子玺符,降轵道旁”。刘邦建立西汉,将子婴奉上的玉玺作为自己的玺印佩戴,且世代传授,号曰“汉传玉玺”。(这段是我抄的,因为没什么特别的故事。)
西汉末,王莽篡政,强逼他姑母汉孝元太后把玺交出来。这王莽也蠢,你当你的皇帝不就结了?还非信那迷信,得玺者得天下,玺乃诰命,受之于天。他既是篡权的,当然想名正言顺,他以为他拿了那玺就成真命天子了,结果后人的眼睛是雪亮的,即便他揣着印,我们还是管他叫窃位。
这里印证了一句话,斗什么都别跟女人斗气,女人若发了火是失去理智的,别说是珍珠玛瑙,就是天王老子都能把他给毁了。太后被逼急了,恶向胆边生,我拿不到,你也甭想要!就手就砸在花岗岩的地上。可怜这千年之玺呀,顿时缺了个角。也得亏她一女人家,没什么力气,若换了孙伏明之类的,难保不玉石俱焚。我的心情和当时王莽拿到玺的心情是一样沉重的,那个心疼啊!这一损,得损了多少城啊?王莽命工匠悉心修补,雕了个好看的金托,妄图做到浑然天成,然,玉既以损,是万无复之的可能了,从此玉有暇。
后面的故事还有哦!哈哈。
六六于 February 10, 2003 :萍水相逢
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