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传国之玺——和氏璧

 

传国之玺——和氏璧

之所以对这个话题感兴趣，我承认是出于小女人的贪心。虽然我是标榜自己不爱钱的，但从没说过自己不爱财。除了钱之外——珍珠，翡翠，玛瑙，钻石，古玩，字画，房地产，信用卡。。。。。。嘿嘿，我都是爱滴。这些东西的好处是：保值，便于收藏与携带，不怕货币更迭，任你从美圆挺到日圆挺到RMB，这个都是硬通货啊~！

说到玉器，名头最响的，堪称玉器之王的，当数和氏璧。美玉甚多，而能为美玉著书立传的少之又少，而能成为镇国之宝，传世之玺的，惟有和氏璧。

大家都知道“完壁归赵”的故事。其实，赵只能算是和氏璧的后娘，在“完壁归赵”之前还有个故事叫“卞和献玉”。卞和是何许人也？他是楚国的一名采石工匠，也可以算是几千年来最忠心的顺民之一。据史书记载，他在荆山这个地方挖到了一块石头，坚称是美玉。他认定是玉，我想一是可能玉的比普通石头要重，另就是玉性清凉，拿在
手里象捧着冰棍儿。他将这块石头献给楚厉王，被拒绝，并砍了他一条腿。待武王即位，卞和痴心不改，再献之，又被砍去一条腿。楚文王继位后，卞和居然还不死心，冒着砍胳膊的危险又去献玉。到了地方他又怕啊，就抱着石头趴地上哭，哭到眼泪流尽流出了血。

（我的猜想：古代的很多利器开封前要饮血的，这样才是利刃。通常也就杀只鸡或鸭什么的拜祭一下，但碰到恶鬼之刃，如干将莫邪的，那就非得用炼刃人的血来开刃了。这石头的打磨通常也就用点井水泉水，再好点的用雪山融水或是地下温泉，但和氏璧这种万乘之璧，非得挖掘人的血泪来磨了。）

楚文王命玉工剖开那土疙瘩，果然一方美玉惊现于世。我想当时的场景应如当年美猴王破石而出一样震撼，虽然彼石蹦出了一顽猴儿，但此石一开，定是琉璃光彩，皇宫生辉啊！这石头我从没见过，连照片都没见过，但通过书上讲的，我认为首先应该是大，玉如果小了，就没有皇气，不可能成为镇国玺。其次是无暇。大玉通常就瑕疵多。这就好比，干活越多，出错越多，若是天天光干活不出错，那就是人才了。而这玉就是大且纯。再有一个就是奇特。据说此玉正面端详是羊脂一般细腻洁白，但若侧对光看，就呈现莹莹剔透的流水绿。（说到这里，口水直流）楚文王见此美玉，心下大喜，为表彰良民卞和砍其手脚不改忠心的崇高品格，给予这美玉卞和的冠名权，称其“和氏璧”。

由此我们得知，和氏璧其实是楚国之宝。

400年后，楚相国昭阳，灭赵败魏，威王将和氏璧赏赐昭阳。

昭阳是个烧包。一天跟一群朋友游览赤山的时候，应朋友的邀请拿出和氏璧给人传看。也该他破财，突然间，山旁的深潭有一长多长的大鱼及无数小鱼跃出水面，众人争睹奇迹，以至散席，和氏璧不翼而飞。这里我又有想法了，古代的美女有沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花之容，鱼既能为美女逃跑，也能为美玉欢呼啊，估计其玉之美引起日光折射，刺伤了鱼的视觉，于是“鱼贯而出”。但这鱼出的不是时候，给贼一可乘之机，等再现美玉之时，它已经给人拐带到赵国去了。

欲听玉玺之归处，且听下回分解。西西。

自那次宴会最后现身，50余年后，赵国太监缪贤偶以500金购得和氏璧，赵惠文王知道了，连骗带吓，将璧占为己有。

从《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》中，我明白了玉器这东西极具升值潜力，是值得收藏的好玩意儿。当年500金的玉到了秦昭襄王时候，他竟愿意以15座城池换璧。这后面的故事大家都知道了，我就不说了，总之蔺相如把玉又带回来了。不过，国力是掠夺的必要条件。61年后，秦灭赵，和氏璧不费一文就落如始皇帝口袋中。想当年我大清多少宝藏都给可恶的白毛子抢走了，害我连瞻仰的机会都没有了。过几百年，等咱们强大了，连大英博物馆带法国卢浮宫都给它搬回我们圆明园来。（这是我给子孙后代立下的遗愿）

秦始皇立位之后就想有个顺手的戳，和氏璧第一次遭受摧残。秦皇命人将和氏璧琢磨成方4寸的规矩形状，我印象里的和氏璧应该是半圆不方的，这时候开始中规中距了，变得非常没有创意，最可气的是难得美玉给平白凿去几部分，浪费啊！

李斯为玺篆文“受命于天，既寿永昌”，孙寿雕刻。秦始皇以为自己从此千秋万代都将是中国的皇帝了，即便他死了，也会将王位传于子嫡，他大言不惭地叫这玉玺为“传国玺”。自此，和氏璧成了皇权的象征，成了皇家专用璧。

据《史记·秦本记》，秦始皇东巡时病倒于途中，“乃为玺书赐公子扶苏”。始皇死后，玉玺传给二世胡亥。胡亥死，子婴立，“令子婴斋，当庙见受玉玺”。刘邦入咸阴，子婴“奉天子玺符，降轵道旁”。刘邦建立西汉，将子婴奉上的玉玺作为自己的玺印佩戴，且世代传授，号曰“汉传玉玺”。（这段是我抄的，因为没什么特别的故事。）

西汉末，王莽篡政，强逼他姑母汉孝元太后把玺交出来。这王莽也蠢，你当你的皇帝不就结了？还非信那迷信，得玺者得天下，玺乃诰命，受之于天。他既是篡权的，当然想名正言顺，他以为他拿了那玺就成真命天子了，结果后人的眼睛是雪亮的，即便他揣着印，我们还是管他叫窃位。

这里印证了一句话，斗什么都别跟女人斗气，女人若发了火是失去理智的，别说是珍珠玛瑙，就是天王老子都能把他给毁了。太后被逼急了，恶向胆边生，我拿不到，你也甭想要！就手就砸在花岗岩的地上。可怜这千年之玺呀，顿时缺了个角。也得亏她一女人家，没什么力气，若换了孙伏明之类的，难保不玉石俱焚。我的心情和当时王莽拿到玺的心情是一样沉重的，那个心疼啊！这一损，得损了多少城啊？王莽命工匠悉心修补，雕了个好看的金托，妄图做到浑然天成，然，玉既以损，是万无复之的可能了，从此玉有暇。

后面的故事还有哦！哈哈。

六六于 February 10, 2003 :萍水相逢

“传国之玺——和氏璧”上的973条回复

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