是不是都富了才能谈文明
来源:光明日报 02版:评论·观点 作者:刘巽达 2015年07月06日
前几天,某公共微信号推出了作家六六关于国民素质的一篇生活随笔,题为“怒的背后”。六六的遭遇和感慨引发了网友极大共鸣,有人用转发来展示立场和态度,也有人边转边评,点评中不乏箴言,归纳起来是这样的诘问:在对国民素质“怒的背后”,我们的反思到哪里为止?
先说六六的答案。她在举了“中国老人大闹戴高乐机场”和“路怒症”两个例子后,笔锋一转,说她如何从怒气冲冲变得云淡风轻,原来是在不经意间从“班长学友”处觅到答案——班长学友这样解剖自己:“三十年前,我们绝大多数人都还在温饱线上挣扎。你让我们这些刚刚进入现代文明的人,遵守成熟文明社会的规范,我们硬件环境达到了,而内在文化还没跟上。那些刚刚买车的人,还不理解交通秩序对效率和便捷的重要;那些刚刚坐上飞机的人,还没搞明白坐飞机和坐拖拉机的区别……我们唯有做的事,就是宽容,反复教育,让时间改变他们。”听罢此言,六六从“羞得抬不起头”转而成为“忽然很内疚”。内疚什么?内疚“斥责和抱怨谁都会说,而悲悯的心,却不是人人都有”。
说真的,笔者有点感动,并觉得这真是一篇好文,所以也挤入“边转边评”的大军。笔者觉得反思似乎不能“到此为止”,面对国人的素质差评,难道除了“内疚”和“悲悯”,就是“检讨”自己“修养不够”?然后就是宽容的等待,守候它改善,最后“让时间改变他们”?虽然文中也提了一句“反复教育”,但六六的落点显然不在于此,而是强调要反思自己的焦躁与斥责。
诚然,对于物质文明之于精神文明的决定作用,早有“仓廪实而知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱”的古训。然彼此之间的关系,若视为“机械决定论”,亦失之简单。物质财富的增加,并不必然提升公民的文明素质,素质乃属文化范畴,它是需要“教而化之”的。正是相当一部分“先富起来的人”,不断地在异国他乡重演丢人现眼的一幕。他们绝不是“初次坐飞机”或者“初次买车上路”,而是最先习惯现代生活的人。而绝大多数进城生活的“乡亲”,他们乱闯红灯和大声喧哗,也绝不是完全不懂基本的“城市文明”,而是缺乏教育和训诫。以教化促文明,此其一。
法治社会的基本特征就是遍布各种“不允许”的细则,违反就得受罚。笔者屡次惊讶地看到,俊男靓女的老外在众目睽睽下闯红灯,一脸的嬉皮笑脸,似乎在炫耀很懂国情。可是他们一踏上自己的国土,立马变成“文明人”。由此就更加坚信:没有谁比谁的素质好一说,法制健全,坏人也会变好人;法制不彰,好人也会变坏人。以法治促文明,此其二。
“富脑袋”与“富口袋”必须并举,但人们往往陷入“只有富了口袋才能富脑袋”的逻辑中,或相信“富了口袋自然会富脑袋”的简单推理。其实,“仓廪实”和“衣食足”未必一定导致“知礼节”和“知荣辱”,否则精神文明就不必建设了。是不是都富了才能文明?不管答案是什么,我们可能都等不起。相比起“等待”文明降临,“用三十年走完西方几百年道路”的中国人,更应该有些紧迫感才对。
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