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光明日报：是不是都富了才能谈文明

是不是都富了才能谈文明

来源：光明日报 02版:评论·观点 作者：刘巽达 2015年07月06日

    前几天，某公共微信号推出了作家六六关于国民素质的一篇生活随笔，题为“怒的背后”。六六的遭遇和感慨引发了网友极大共鸣，有人用转发来展示立场和态度，也有人边转边评，点评中不乏箴言，归纳起来是这样的诘问：在对国民素质“怒的背后”，我们的反思到哪里为止？

    先说六六的答案。她在举了“中国老人大闹戴高乐机场”和“路怒症”两个例子后，笔锋一转，说她如何从怒气冲冲变得云淡风轻，原来是在不经意间从“班长学友”处觅到答案——班长学友这样解剖自己：“三十年前，我们绝大多数人都还在温饱线上挣扎。你让我们这些刚刚进入现代文明的人，遵守成熟文明社会的规范，我们硬件环境达到了，而内在文化还没跟上。那些刚刚买车的人，还不理解交通秩序对效率和便捷的重要；那些刚刚坐上飞机的人，还没搞明白坐飞机和坐拖拉机的区别……我们唯有做的事，就是宽容，反复教育，让时间改变他们。”听罢此言，六六从“羞得抬不起头”转而成为“忽然很内疚”。内疚什么？内疚“斥责和抱怨谁都会说，而悲悯的心，却不是人人都有”。

    说真的，笔者有点感动，并觉得这真是一篇好文，所以也挤入“边转边评”的大军。笔者觉得反思似乎不能“到此为止”，面对国人的素质差评，难道除了“内疚”和“悲悯”，就是“检讨”自己“修养不够”？然后就是宽容的等待，守候它改善，最后“让时间改变他们”？虽然文中也提了一句“反复教育”，但六六的落点显然不在于此，而是强调要反思自己的焦躁与斥责。

    诚然，对于物质文明之于精神文明的决定作用，早有“仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱”的古训。然彼此之间的关系，若视为“机械决定论”，亦失之简单。物质财富的增加，并不必然提升公民的文明素质，素质乃属文化范畴，它是需要“教而化之”的。正是相当一部分“先富起来的人”，不断地在异国他乡重演丢人现眼的一幕。他们绝不是“初次坐飞机”或者“初次买车上路”，而是最先习惯现代生活的人。而绝大多数进城生活的“乡亲”，他们乱闯红灯和大声喧哗，也绝不是完全不懂基本的“城市文明”，而是缺乏教育和训诫。以教化促文明，此其一。

    法治社会的基本特征就是遍布各种“不允许”的细则，违反就得受罚。笔者屡次惊讶地看到，俊男靓女的老外在众目睽睽下闯红灯，一脸的嬉皮笑脸，似乎在炫耀很懂国情。可是他们一踏上自己的国土，立马变成“文明人”。由此就更加坚信：没有谁比谁的素质好一说，法制健全，坏人也会变好人；法制不彰，好人也会变坏人。以法治促文明，此其二。

    “富脑袋”与“富口袋”必须并举，但人们往往陷入“只有富了口袋才能富脑袋”的逻辑中，或相信“富了口袋自然会富脑袋”的简单推理。其实，“仓廪实”和“衣食足”未必一定导致“知礼节”和“知荣辱”，否则精神文明就不必建设了。是不是都富了才能文明？不管答案是什么，我们可能都等不起。相比起“等待”文明降临，“用三十年走完西方几百年道路”的中国人，更应该有些紧迫感才对。

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