永字八法
来源:联合早报 【四合院】 作者:六六 2012年10月08日
首去台湾,第一天早上即奔故宫博物院,去瞻仰久闻的红烧肉和翡翠白菜。
这两件物件并没有给我留下深刻的印象,却有其他几个事情让我思考良久。
一楼展出的是皇家器具,很精美的锅碗瓢勺以及千雕万刻成的家什,这个馆的名字叫“子子孙孙永宝用”。馆内的器具上,包括碗、盖、鼎、珮等,都会印刻上“子孙永宝”的字样。想来当皇帝是件惬意的事,所有的宫廷恩怨戏都基于幸福的基础上,如果真的痛苦,肯定皇家在做御器的时候会写上:到此为止,下不为例。历代君主,无论是多苦的主,都希望自己的子孙能延绵万代,江河永在,且这江山都归自己姓。
人有好事的时候,便不想与人分享,有灾难的时候,都希望同仇敌忾,风险共担。比方说现在故宫博物院里展出的这些物件,当年肯定是老百姓没份尊享的,但国危打仗的时候,却希望百姓爱国,守卫疆土。可想而知,这样的朝代是不可能“永”的。那些皇室子孙都成为过往浮华,也是必然。
书家必练之字
这个“永”字,在书法里,是书家必练之字。侧、勒、弩(又作努)、趯、策、掠、啄、磔。这八笔是楷书基本笔划,每笔各有特色,而又互相呼应,一气呵成。练好一个“永”字,就算书法有一定功底了。
可“永”字,不是那么好写的。
不懂得倾听,则少侧,不懂自律,则少勒,执政不努力勤勉,则少弩,与民争利,则少趯,不民主,至少高堂之内无民主则少策,滥征私产引发民爆则多掠,巧言令色却不干实事则多啄,经济下滑,民心涣散则磔笔失败。任一笔的缺控,都会造成永字不永。
要我看,解决这个“永”字的最简单方法就是三观正确:你觉得谁是你的子孙?谁是你的臣民?如果你只把血脉当你的子孙,显然小利超过大义,不为大众所愿即拂了民意。没有民意的朝廷,结果就是今天这样,被放在展览馆里被人像看猴子一样看来看去。
大家带着看宝的心去看皇室的藏品。而我看的,却是皇家的悲凉。那些被屁股坐过的尿壶,那些被龙体暖过的凳椅,那些藏着情与爱,骄傲与至尊的家当,被人毫不留情地卖着票一览无余,还不如凡间平民。我们看的与其说是财富与光芒,不如说看的是兴衰史。
肯定有人看过心生仰慕,希望自己有朝一日也有此荣幸。
我却心有怜惜。
当年,真不如宪政了,像今天的英国或日本,至少还留个民众心里的惦记。
舍不得放权,什么都抓在手里,最后一定是权倾。你也许抓住了城池,抓住了疆土,抓住了在世的荣华富贵,却没有抓住人心。而人的心,却是这个世界上最难抓又最易抓的。还政于民,也就还永于己。
我们看不见美国的总统展出什么子孙永宝,看不见他们有什么稀世珍宝拿来炫耀,但他们留存于世的,是三权分治,是权力像老虎一样被关进笼子里,是由此而被百姓追忆的总统山,那样的纪念,永存于心。
一圈台北故宫博物院走下来,心中唏嘘感慨。
历史,便是人们选择自己愿意记住的,而忘记愿意忘记的事件。历代皇权,除了留下各种戏说的故事,和从兴到衰的轨迹供后世提醒,还真没留下什么可歌可泣。而印刻下那个时代,记录下那些人物或故事的,竟是清明上河图或三国演义这样的字画文章。
由此可见,留物件,不如留思想,留声名。
(作者为作家、《蜗居》编剧,来自中国安徽,1999年来新)
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