我看《王贵与安娜》
作者:浮生
最早发表于:April 10, 2003 贴于《萍水相逢》,后做了局部增删与修改。
前几天我在旧金山的一个朋友给我打电话,说是网上有一篇十分流行的小说写的故事就发生在我的家乡,强力推荐我去看一看。我在网上稍微搜索了一下,很轻易地就发现了这篇叫作《王贵与安娜》的故事。说实话,《王贵与安娜》让我读得十分亲切,它不仅提到我也在那度过童年时光的A大幼儿园,更多的笔墨却落在了我十分熟悉的外语系。虽说这可能不是一篇记实性的作品,但故事中很多人和事都能在现实生活中找到影子.
我不认识六六,但我可以肯定地说,我在现实生活中见过她。要是我没猜错的话,六六肯定要比网友想像的要漂亮。网络无美女这一定律显然不适用六六。然而,六六却不能因此而被纳入美女作家的行列。所谓的美女作家是指20世纪90年代起在中国文坛上兴起的一批女性作家,老一辈包括林白,陈染,海男,新生代有卫慧,棉棉,周洁茹以及春树。这批女性作家一反传统上女性写作应当优雅,清丽,却力图以身体语言去再现她们对肉体感官的体验以及对快感的无节制的渴望。癫狂成了她们形象的最好特征。就在这众多的“准黄色”作家的一片叫床的喧嚣声中,六六却为我们成功地弹奏出一曲别具一格的清新音调。《王贵与安娜》是一部截然不同的女性作品,六六的笔墨并没有放在她自身的经历上,而是转向了她的父辈的生活。六六并没有去追赶时髦,去表现一个特殊群体(“边缘人”)的特殊生活状态,而是以她特有的幽默轻松的笔调和对生活敏锐细致的观察,向我们讲述了一个我们老百姓自己的故事。读者会觉得王贵就是我们中一员,王贵可能是他,可能是你,也可能就是我自己。《王贵与安娜》中描叙的生活事件就发生在你我的身边。
《王贵与安娜》主要讲述的是一对普通夫妻--王贵和安娜的故事。故事是围绕着情节的三大板块展开的--王贵和安娜的结合,夫妻携手为小家的奋斗,以及那不能称作是婚外恋的王贵的”第二春”。王贵和安娜的爱情故事是再普通而不过了,他们之间既没经历过花前月下,也从来没有儿女情长,有的只是日常生活中的磕磕碰碰和感情生活中的风风雨雨。他们的婚姻是尊“父母之命”从“媒妁之言”传统上的结合,也是那个特定时代的产物,。王贵和安娜在任何程度上都谈不上是天生的一对,无论是家庭出身,还是生活品位,他们都迥然不同。然而,他们却是那种先结婚,后恋爱的典型。安娜最早嫌王贵“毫无教养”,最终却发现王贵“蛮可爱的”。这种感情上的变迁构成了小说发展的主线。六六并没有把她的小说写成惊天地,泣鬼神的爱情故事,而是以一连串生活琐事演绎了上个世纪后三十年中在我们父母辈中发生的一段人间真情。
《王贵与安娜》最为成功的地方在于六六为我们创造了一个王贵这样的人物。王贵是一个普通人,他可能就是一位我们在课堂里见到的教授英文的老师,一位在菜市场遇见的为了几分钱正在讨价还价的中年男士,一位在同学家见到的亲切和蔼的父亲。他既没有惊天动地的业绩,也不是一个道德规范的楷模。然而,王贵却是文学史上最可爱的男人之一,说他可爱是由于他和所有人一样并不完美。在六六的笔下,王贵并没有我们心目中大学教授的形象--温温尔雅,道貌岸然。六六把王贵所应该具有的尊贵的社会面具撕得粉碎,向我们展示一个自然人人性的多面性。他有很多缺点,比如他在餐桌上的吃态,他不够爱干净,有时也会想入非非,然后也会撒点小谎。然而,王贵身上更多的却是他作为男人朴素高尚的品质。在学校,他是个好老师,他肯于钻研,忠于职守,他还是个好领导,关心同事,乐于助人。在家里,他是个好丈夫,爱妻爱家,在经济上开源节流。他也是个好父亲,他送六六去幼儿园的那段,把父女情深刻画得淋漓尽致。我们喜欢王贵就在于他是个平常人和他的平常人的心态。
情节似乎不是六六的长处。《王贵与安娜》中并没有那些扣人心弦,跌宕起伏的戏剧事件。整篇小说都是在读者可以预见的一连串普通生活场景中展开的。《王贵与安娜》之所以能吸引读者,全在于六六幽默的笔调和她对生活准确细微的观察。任何读过《王贵与安娜》的读者都会对许多细节难以忘怀,譬如“用水”和“报账”。若是没有对生活真实地体验,我相信六六是写不出那些动人的细节的。六六在感触生活上的确是把好手,她对生活的观察是细致的,王贵之所以可爱是因为六六不时地把他给写得活灵活现,栩栩如生,使我们觉得他已不再是一个小说中的人物,好像就站在我们的面前。比如在第五节“经济危机”中,六六是这样描绘王贵为自己找回清白的:
王贵得赶紧趁这安静的空把那3块4毛找出来。他去厨房里溜了一圈,从屋顶到地板每样东西都仔细扫一边。然后突然非常神气地大摇大摆走出来,将一张卡片往安娜面前一丢,说“下个月奶卡6块”然后长长吁了口气,开始唱他的河南梆子。
在这一段文字中,读者似乎都能感受到王贵身上的气息,听见他在那哼唱河南梆子戏的声音。在整篇小说中,六六不时地把她的故事演绎成了网上直播的真人秀,把网上的读者都变成了她笔下人物私生活的不自觉的偷窥者。
在答网友问时,六六谈到她创作动机。“文章的缘起是想说一段婚外恋的”。六六似乎对婚外恋有着特殊的兴趣。她至今创作的仅有的两个故事都是和婚外恋有关的,而且都是中年人的故事。婚外恋是中年危机最典型的特征。如果说人生是一场交响乐的话,那么婚外恋就是男人交响乐第三乐章中必不可少的华彩段。每个男人都会以不同的方式演绎他生命过程中的这一必然的插曲。婚外恋不仅是文学永恒的主题,也是影视界的热门题材。近年来,有关中年危机的影片就层出不穷,有美国的《American Beauty》,日本的《Shall We Dance? 》和中国的《一声叹息》。从这点看,那么六六的特殊兴趣也就不足为奇了。六六在给人物取名时可能是想取王贵的土意和安娜的洋意,然而她却忘了安娜是文学史上一个典型人物。安娜不仅是个洋名,它还含有红杏出墙的意思。这在一开始可能就会误导读者。然而,读者在经过相当大的篇幅之后才发现,原来这场婚外恋写的不是安娜而是貌似老实的王贵。王贵的第二春并不出大多数中年男子婚外恋的模式。他的对象也是一位比他年轻得多的女性。中年男人在经过多年的婚姻生活后,婚姻疲乏症的综合效应日益显现。他们已青春不再,夫妻生活中多年的碰碰磕磕使他们对婚姻已失去往日的激情。生活对他们来说已变得平淡无奇了,他们需要呼吸新鲜的空气。没有什么词能比“第二春”更能表达他们对生活的渴望。他们也许并不需要那一夜的风情,一个青春女性的一个眼神,一杯表达关怀的清茶,一次有意或无意的手的接触,都会让他们浮想联翩,激动不已。王贵的婚外恋正是这种状态的体现。然而,到户外呼吸新鲜空气是一回事,让他们永失构筑多年的爱巢却是另外一回事。当在这两者间做出抉择时,他们又多会选择辛勤经营多年的家庭。由于创作速度过快,加之六六似乎在现实生活中缺乏对婚外恋,尤其是中年人婚外恋的那种刻骨铭心的体验,她在处理王贵的第二春时,似乎并非显得那么得心应手,描绘也不如她在描绘王贵家事来得传神。此外,她对小芳在婚外恋中作用所做的道德评价(。。。继续在自己的错误道路上乐滋滋地滑行)把一种复杂的社会现象做了简单化的处理”。
六六的特长是对事物生动地叙述以及对人物的细致的刻画。她细腻的叙事风格让我想起了《红楼梦》。然而,作为一个在文学道路上起步不久的作家,她还是有着这样或那样的不足。比如,她故事中想象力的语言(如明喻,暗喻)就略显单薄。象“余韵是颗泡泡糖,还没匝出甜味就过去了”以及“婚姻是一碗牛肉面,浮在上面寥寥几片牛肉,主要的目的是为了使寡面下咽”这样的比喻似乎在小说中出现太少。然而六六作为一个作家的潜力是不容置疑的。一件常人小事,在我们的嘴中可能两句话就可以带过,而在六六的笔下却往往变成了洋洋数千字的随笔。不过,要想成为一个一流作家,六六需要的并不是把她每一刻的思绪都变成文字倾倒在网上,而是去深思熟虑,去精雕细凿。
苏东坡曾经写过这样的诗句“事如春梦了无痕”。生活就像一幅幅画面每天都在我们面前闪过,而从未留下痕迹。然而,六六却用她的健笔在网上为我们的上辈留下了俩个难忘的形象,要不是六六,我们可能永远不知道生活中还存在着有像王贵和安娜这样可爱的人物。王贵和安娜的婚姻生活是平淡而清贫的,却又是活泼而快乐的。正是在这种平淡而清贫的生活中,六六让我们感受到了人世间的真情
“我看《王贵与安娜》”上的161条回复
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