谈谈《蜗居》中的三个男人
来源:万维博客 > 欧阳峰的BLOG 作者:欧阳峰 2010年02月14日
总算跟风看完了《蜗居》。其中的社会意义大家已经谈了很多了。我觉得除此以外,这部剧和同一作者的《双面胶》一样,也以刻画人性,特别是人情见长。《蜗居》中描写的三个男人,就有很多引人深思的看点。
《蜗居》里首先出场的男人是苏淳。年轻时候的他,和很多人一样风华正茂,对未来信心满满。但是几年过去,他就变成一个平凡务实的丈夫了。然而,苏淳是我在剧中最喜欢的男人。他有些窝囊,没有什么大成就,也没有显赫的社会地位。但是他知道自己,接受自己,能够坦然面对自己的处境和生活。在买不起房子的时候,他除了做好本职工作和赚点外快,也就是听天由命。当他阴错阳差升了官,成了众人奉承的对象时,他的反应是诚惶诚恐,断然辞去工作远离是非。虽然他没有辉煌,但也没有放弃。他活得踏实,安全。他也能坚持自己的原则。在妻子海萍要钱的压力面前,他宁可冒着妻子暴怒的危险去借高利贷,也不向父母提出非分要求。升官后面对酒色的诱惑,他却丝毫不为所动。而我更欣赏的,是他对妻子海萍的关爱。虽然他在物质上不能满足海萍的要求,也不会甜言蜜语,但他从心底里把海萍看成自己的一部分。当她发怒时,他就忍气吞声让她消气;当她发愁时,他会马上觉察并安慰消解。当她高兴时,他会衷心欢喜,再以几句冷幽默锦上添花。他了解妻子的梦想和志向,并竭尽全力去支持。他也许算不上女人的依靠,但绝对是可以托付终身的伴侣。
小贝,则是另一个极端。他生性乐观风趣,给他的爱人海藻带来了许多的欢乐和甜蜜。他真心爱海藻,也愿意用一生来呵护她。但是,他行为的中心,还是自己的内心满足。大多数时候,让海藻高兴就能给自己带来欢乐,所以他乐此不彼。但是当两人的需求产生矛盾时,他就很难顾及别人了。他们的第一次冲突,是借钱给海藻姐姐的事。小贝存钱买房的计划是无可非议的。但是他不能体谅海藻照顾姐姐的心意,结果是第一次把海藻推向了宋思明。如果说这是因为海藻的需求超出了小贝的能力,那么我们再看看当他发现海藻外遇以后的表现吧。他的第一反应是自虐:在雨夜中出走,病了拒绝上医院。然后他发觉自己离不开海藻,海藻也愿意留在他身边,而且和宋断了联系。而小贝是怎样表现的呢?他一直是受害者的心态,不但闷闷不乐,而且常常无端提起旧事指责海藻。当然作为深爱海藻的男友,他受的伤害是非常大的。他需要疗伤,这完全可以理解。但他在这个关系中不但是受害者,也是海藻一条船上的人。海藻那时也在情绪风暴之中,迫切需要他的扶持和关爱。而他帮助了海藻什么呢?不但没有,还有意无意给她造成新的痛苦。最后,因为看到海藻手机上一个宋的短信,他就断然离开了海藻,全然不管前因后果。我想,小贝不是一个坏人,但他没有为“爱”做好准备。他的视界,他的能力,还没有超越他自己。这样的“爱人”,同甘的时候是非常享受的,但共苦的时候就要打个问号了。
《蜗居》里着墨最多的男人是宋思明。撇开“贪官”这些不谈,宋其实是一个非常自我中心的人。就像宋太太说的,别人在他眼里都是棋子。对自己的家庭就不用说了,就是对海藻,宋也是完全出于自己的需要。他口口声声说爱海藻,但对海藻的世界,对海藻的梦想和人生观根本不屑去了解。相反,他把海藻连根拔出了她的土壤,把她变成了一个不能自立,没有未来的空心人。人们常常称许宋思明“负责任”。他自己一定也是这样认为。“我的女人我就要让她快乐”是他常挂在嘴边的话。但他的 “责任”似乎局限于物质上的照顾。而给妻子和海藻带来的精神创伤,却不在他的视野内。这不是因为他不能了解那些痛苦,而是他不能在不牺牲自己的前提下去解决。于是,那就不是他“责任”的一部份了。更进一步,在妻子和二奶之间为了对一方的“责任”而伤害另一方,在他看来是问心无愧的事。当然,拿了妻子娘家卖房得来的钱去安顿二奶,比那些始乱终弃的人要好。但是如果这就算尽到了责任的话,要求也太低了吧。
宋思明的另一个问题,是不会平等待人。当然,他不象那些暴发户那样飞扬跋扈,他在给海藻钱时会说“请给我个机会帮助你”。但是他因权力和财富而来的优越感,仍然有意无意地显示出来。小到带她去火锅店,大到帮她摆平业务纠纷,一切都在宋这个“救世主”的掌控之下。而海藻只要惊叹和感激就行了。就连他与海藻的第一次,宋也是如此地霸道,全然不顾海藻是否作好了心理准备。实际上,宋思明之所以需要“二奶”,就是因为在原配那里得不到那种优越感。在从单身宿舍一路走来的结发妻子眼里,他这个“成功男人”是没什么魔力的。只有未曾见证他过去的人,才会崇拜他今天的光环。但是,崇拜不是爱。海藻从怕他,感激他到倚赖他,依恋他,但从来没有过安全感和对未来的承诺。宋和海藻,是不可能做到心心相印,生死不离的。
与其说宋思明是个坏人,不如说他是个迷失的人。他一直是努力扮演自己的角色,按社会对自己的期望来为人处世。这也是《蜗居》上演后,那么多人赞赏宋思明的原因。所以我认为,宋的悲剧不是一个人的,而是社会的。
苏淳,小贝和宋思明只是作者创造出的三个艺术形象。对他们过度的解读其实也没有多大意思。但是古人说“以人为镜可以明得失”。我们从这三个人身上,是不是看到一点自己的影子呢?
【声明:《蜗居》对人的描写不是完全前后一致。不少时候我觉得作者是借人物的口说自己的话,或者让人物表现出太多的社会现象而导致前后矛盾。所以我的印象只是基于我所注意到的情节。别人看后有不同的印象,是完全正常的。】
http://blog.creaders.net/fouyang/user_blog_diary.php?did=55449
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