君子,拘小节
来源:《联合早报》【四合院】 作者:六六 2011年06月13日
公众人物对自己的认知与公众对你的认知有一个差距,你的行为方式只能高于公众的要求,而不能低于公众的要求,疏忽都不被允许。这叫瓜田不脱靴,李下不摘帽……
大卫索科尔(David Sokol)是巴菲特最为称道的爱将,是外界传媒猜测的巴菲特第一顺序接班人。他在巴菲特全资的中美能源公司任总裁,同时又临危受命接管NetJets私人飞机公司,将一个濒临破产的公司,在两年之内扭亏为盈。
这样一名得力干将在前程光明,即将接任本世纪最伟大的投资公司的时候,于3月底宣布辞职。紧接着爆出内幕交易丑闻。
他于1月分三批买入亚洲一家润滑油公司路伯润股票市值1000万美金。紧接着3月巴菲特收购该公司,股票随即大涨,大卫由此获利300万美金。当巴菲特得知此事之后,做的第一件事就是将所有资料与信息交给美国SEC,相当于中国的证监会,SEC展开调查。
巴菲特对该事件表示费解。大卫是优秀的投资者,绝无可能不知道内幕交易的严重。但他没有做任何掩盖,他的投资账目公开。获利300万是什么概念呢?就是大卫个人资产接近10亿美金,他拿其中的1000万投资,盈利300万做内幕交易这件事,而这300万只是他年薪的零头,代价却是有可能蹲大狱。你相信一个内幕交易者会做这样的事吗?
我看了一些有关大卫索科尔的访谈,了解一下伯克希尔的投资流程,我倾向于相信他的话。
大卫说,我在伯克希尔的工作是管理企业,我不负责投资,所有的投资由巴菲特自己决定。我去年开始研究路伯润公司,发现它具有投资价值,今年初购买并推荐给巴菲特。我在此之前私人关系推荐给巴菲特很多股票,他都没有购买。我没想到他最后决定购买了。但你不能因为他听了我的话购买了我推荐的股票,就让我退出吧?这不公平。我和他是上下级关系,但我投的是我自己的钱,投资领域我们不交叉啊!
我顿时理解了他的委屈。你发现了一个好东西,你与朋友分享,但朋友决定要的时候,你就不能要,你觉得合理吗?他推荐给巴菲特的时候就明确表态:这股票不错!我都买了。跟朋友说话一样:这牌子的化妆品不错,我用了觉得好,你要不也试试?
如果你注意巴菲特持股的方式,他是典型的价值投资,他寻找并投资一家价值被低估的公司,等日后实现其价值的时候大赚一笔。而索罗斯的投机理论与之完全不同,他是买下一件不值那个价的产品,并坚信会有另一个比自己蠢的人付更多的钱购买。大卫和巴菲特在路伯润公司的问题上,只能说是惺惺相惜。但老巴的精准目光被投机家利用,凡是他看准的长线投资,在短期内就被投机家给支取了,害了大卫。
但大众和证监会,肯定不这么想。如果是我个人,考虑到未来的风言风语,我大约会牺牲这300万的利润沽出,但大卫不肯,他要寻求一个公平。大卫的一世声名,就这样坍塌。
我由此想到另一个相似的悲剧人物梁锦松。如果不是那辆倒霉的车,我以前很看好他未来成为香港特首。他曾是香港最贵的打工皇帝,有丰富的财经经验,一年的俸禄够很多人过一辈子。在时任香港财长的时候,他是自降薪金,以一腔热血服务民众的心态,去为港民工作的。不曾想,没多久,栽了,引咎辞职。原因是他在香港汽车税公布起价前的数日购买一辆房车,以供怀孕待产的伏明霞使用,由此“逃税”几千块。我根本不相信一个放弃年薪2500万(港元)而拿240万薪酬的人会贪这个小便宜。唯一的解释是,他恰逢家里需要,时机赶得不合适。
从大卫和梁锦松个人来说,冤枉。
从公众的反应和过后的结果来说:正确。
公众人物对自己的认知与公众对你的认知有一个差距,你的行为方式只能高于公众的要求,而不能低于公众的要求,疏忽都不被允许。这叫瓜田不脱靴,李下不摘帽。
也许对你个人不公平,但对公众利益来说,被放大的不公平,就是多数人的公平了。
成大事者,须拘小节。
(作者六六为作家、《蜗居》编剧,来自中国安徽,1999年来新)
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