《蜗居》:刺破众生焦虑
来源:南方周末 A10 版:年度致敬 文化原创榜 作者:夏骏 2010年02月18日
《蜗居》引起争议的敏感点之一,是所谓“二奶”与“性”。这一点恰恰提供了一种社会认知意义CFP/图
这个时代比较普遍地弥漫着一种情绪,如果用一个概念来进行不太精确的概括,或许“焦虑”二字有代表性。在词义的解释上,焦虑是指“一种内心不安或恐 惧。预期即将面临不良处境的一种紧张情绪,表现为持续性精神紧张、担忧、不安全感或发作性惊恐状态。而引发焦虑的原因,则是人们预感到不利情景的出现而产 生的一种紧张、不安、担忧、恐惧、不愉快等的综合情绪体验”。电视剧《蜗居》便是在一个整体焦虑的时代艺术性地传达了这样一种情绪。
以《蜗居》中人物谱系而论,焦虑当然笼罩着海萍一家,伴随着房价持续上涨的威胁,作为一对来自外地,大学毕业后留在大城市就业的壮年白领,能否拥有 一套自己的住房,是这一代人能否有安全感和有尊严地在这个城市生存下来的基本物质前提。而在一个人口大国快速工业化、城市化的发展阶段,商品房价的攀升速 度已远远超越工薪阶层工资收入正常的成长和积累速度,过高的成本门槛成为一代人或完成非常跳越或陷入更深无望的命运分界线,原本正常的生活逻辑全面乱套, 为了完成非常跳越所展开的各种应对努力,就构成了海萍一家忧惧恐慌的生活形态。
焦虑笼罩着更底层的草根一族,拆迁户老太太为了争取拆迁补偿到一套大一点的房子,誓死当定钉子户,她以顽强的意志力拖着儿孙们在断水、断电的环境中 严防死守,最终以自己生命的代价获得了儿孙们可以享用的一套住宅。这种频繁发生于中国各地的钉子户故事,双方对峙斗智斗勇,其内在的波澜壮阔和角力或许应 该归类于一种特殊形态的战争。
焦虑同样笼罩着掌握着权与钱的“强势群体”。作为财富方代表的开发商陈寺福,以最大的耐心迎合、伺候着官场大哥的情人,维护着他的“核心资源”。后 来既充满激情又吃力狼狈地着扮演着目标中的准上市公司老板角色,总怕出错总出错,以至于发展到需要亲自戴上假面具翻墙入户盗取罪证。其内心必然焦虑、焦 灼。而位居《蜗居》社会宝塔尖的权力方代表宋思明等人一样处于焦虑状态,一方面他们似乎在这个社会中无所不能,一方面他们在这个物质时代又必须通过潜规则 获取财富,继而才能获取色、情以及未来的“品质生活保障”,他们需要冒着现实风险去获得未来的安全感,因为他们深知潜规则的盛行,对于官场职业就更缺乏安 全感。他们知道官位一旦失去,属于平民的窘境和苦难就会随之而来,未雨绸缪的办法,就是在有权有势之时备下未来的财富基础,而且眼前在官场所承受的高度焦 虑和压抑,如果通过女色来平衡和补偿也需要不少的金钱投入。
《蜗居》的意义在于呈现了一种现实存在的社会焦虑生态,真实进入了当代中国人的心灵世界,这在电视剧界普遍回避现实社会矛盾的整体范围中鹤立鸡群。 急剧转型中的现实中国充满了动人心魄的戏剧性,各阶层人们的内心世界矛盾激荡,包括财富观、婚姻观、道德观等等观念遭遇到前所未有的挑战。缺少恒定的心灵 支柱,在摇晃变幻的观念基础上,精神岂能不焦虑?《蜗居》在这个题材领域小试牛刀即获得社会广泛反响,这种成功在昭示中国电视剧的一种必要路径,即直面当 代中国人的真实生活与精神处境就会产生普遍的共鸣,也会吸引广泛的收视关注。这样的作品还真切地贡献了关于当代中国的认识价值,从中可以了解一代人的期望 与挑战、痛苦与矛盾、挣扎与超越。
《蜗居》引起争议的敏感点之一是所谓“二奶”与“性”。这一点恰恰提供了一种社会认知意义。海藻滑入二奶角色的直接推动,是姐姐海萍因为买房之困几 乎导致婚姻危机所形成的启发,海藻的婚恋起点与海萍特别相似,两个外地来的大学生相亲相爱,结婚生子,多年之后因购房引发经济困境继而导致婚姻困境。浪漫 的婚姻起点与物质现实的困境逼迫,让海藻似乎提前看到了自己未来生活的预演,与其走向姐姐的困境之路,不如重新选择一种生活方式,宋思明的出现与帮助姐姐 摆脱困境之间的直接逻辑就推动了海藻的另类选择。对于一个弱女子而言,这是一种被动的选择。对于平民子弟工薪族恋爱婚姻前景的切实忧虑,报答姐姐恩情的责 任心驱使,再加上她的老板陈寺福为了讨好官员的幕后推手,一起合成了她的情人之路。《蜗居》的成功恰恰在于真实地呈现了海藻之路的逻辑结构,值得反思的是 这种逻辑形成的原因,继而警醒社会通过有效的变革使得平民生活变得更加良性化,而不是高高在上地指责非常化社会现实中某类弱势个体的漂泊之路。
《蜗居》的另一个敏感点是真实暴露了官场腐败、权钱、权色交易的潜规则现状。作品的贡献在于从普通市民生活视角表现了腐败对于现实社会影响的深度与 广度。权力几乎无所不能,可以让你短时间内创造财富奇迹;可以调动银行、外资配合土老板摇身一变为金凤凰;可以调动司法力量配合官员的意志目标,压制命案 立案甚至可以勾销命案。海萍的老公苏淳本来因涉嫌泄露公司商业机密罪难逃审判,经市委秘书宋思明一番协调后全然云开雾散,不但无罪释放,而且公司领导登门 慰问。宋思明只是模糊暗示了苏淳有关某位市领导的背景,马上被演绎成他是某市长的小舅子,所在单位快速提拔他当科长不说,周围的科处长们轮番请客送礼,直 接要求他找市长帮忙提升官职。
我个人以为,《蜗居》表现市委秘书宋思明屡屡在自己办公室约会情人、合伙商人、帮忙“铲案”的律师等人的情景不够真实,因为市委大楼乃敏感区域,一 个市委秘书,上上下下多少双眼睛盯着。于自己权钱交易、权色交易相关的当事人,在同僚和领导面前惟恐避之不及,怎么可能随便叫到办公室这个是非之地来?后 来有一次我与一位熟悉地方官场的朋友谈及此事,他倒认为也不尽然,现如今有些资深官员已习惯于潜规则常规化,上述场景已算不得什么。这样的分析令我吃惊, 也算跌破我的常识底线。
焦虑毕竟是一种混杂着不安与恐惧的病态情绪状态,《蜗居》像一根针刺出了一个小口,引发众多观众的普遍共鸣,有心人或许可以透过这个小口去观察其中的病理结构,继而找到疗治某些社会病症的药方。
【作者简介】夏骏,1962年生,江苏省如皋人。 2010年上海世博会顾问;中国广播电视协会纪录片委员会副会长;华人文化集团董事局执行主席。 历任中央电视台《新闻调查》制片人,六集电视系列片《河殇》总编导, 北京电视台七频道总经理,中华遗产杂志社主编。
http://nf.nfdaily.cn/epaper/nfzm/content/20100218/ArticelA10003FM.htm
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