从《蜗居》的真实与虚假窥探人性
来源:文学城博客–>悟空 作者:悟空孙 2010年02月03日
《蜗居》看完了才发现自己看的是“洁版”——原来的35集被和谐成了33集。也罢,一个大陆的电视剧又能黄到哪里去?我相信,《蜗居》的震撼不在什么黄段子,而是它的真实,这真实也不在于某个具体的人物,而是作品将人性的各种侧面和色彩合理自然的揉合到一个个艺术人物身上,同时,又通过人物的一言一行反应出社会现实。
这种真实,更是让每一个观众思考:如果我处在那样的条件和环境中下,我会成为剧中的哪位人物?就目前的大环境而言,我们每个人,不,应该说包括我在内的许多人都可能成为宋思明,海萍或海藻。
为什么呢?人类社会几千年来,人的智商越来越发达,可人的情商好像不但没发展,反而越来越退步。人聪明得创造出那么多物质财富,却不知道怎样合理的对待这些财富,更没有相应多的精神财富来填补膨胀的欲望。另一方面,人的情感机制也应该有一个质的改良,否则在现代社会里尤其在中国,要驾驭身体里欲望的野兽是很困难的,这点上,不管是海萍对房子的欲望还是宋的“洛丽塔”情节都如出一辙。社会层面上,我们的社会制度和婚姻观念也值得反思,西方的基督教对西方社会有积极的意义,而我们的儒教文化在现代社会里面临很多尴尬。比如传统的纳妾制度和现代的一夫一妻对目前中国社会的稳定哪个更有积极意义?贫富差距如此之大,人对财富的欲望没有精神层面的补偿,那么对‘纳妾’做个反思也不是没有意义的。况且,我们对人的精神层面和情感领域里很多深层的东西是缺少思考也没有勇气积极面对,不少人只会按脑子里固有的“道德观”义正词严,不敢也不愿面对现实。
所谓的“现实”就是,现在已经有女大学生喊出:宁做二奶,不嫁80后!不奇怪,一种社会现象的出现,都有其根源所在。不管是用专制手段还是道德戒律都不会有积极的效果,反而会产生种种副作用。比如卖淫吧,道德不管用,打压也无济于事。现在全世界没有妓女的国家大概只有北朝鲜吧?可你愿意去吗?相反,在一些卖淫合法化的国家和地区,人们的道德观念和生活水准并不比整天“扫黄”的国家差吧?因此我赞成对卖淫实行非罪化。(联想到近来国内的网络扫黄,觉得十分搞笑。虚拟世界的“黄”并不可怕,反而会有某些积极的意义。只要加以正确的引导和管理,就可以防止未成年人接触,而对广大远离家乡的处于性饥渴的农民工则是一杯解渴的凉开水。既然扫黄,政府对现实世界里某些娱乐场所的黄为何充耳不闻,视而不见,使其依旧肆虐横行呢?其中的奥妙不难领悟。)
我想说的是,人类面对智力的挑战,一次次取得胜利,上天入地,千里眼顺风耳都从幻想成为现实,面对情感和欲望的困惑,却束手无策。不过在这方面,古人要幸运得多,他们可以逛青楼纳小妾,或吟诗作画来排解;现代人的压抑如果得不到释放,就只会不择手段想方设法借助于物质的满足来弥补这方面的困惑,而极度物质的满足之后,又反过来毫无节制变本加厉的释放压抑的情欲。
这种现状是人类的无奈,人性的无奈。所以你很难说《蜗居》中谁是好人,谁是坏人,人性有高尚的一面,也有贪婪灰暗的一面。如何理性面对人性的灰暗,是现代社会中人类面临的挑战。
《蜗居》的虚假在于它的结尾,这是个败笔——正义战胜的邪恶,“报应”兑现了,这样就大大削弱了作品的深度。现实里这样的结果并不是主流,否则怎么解释“宋思明”越来越多,“海藻”们更是前赴后继。有报道采访海藻的扮演者,她说她周围的海藻就很多,她自己在生活中也会选择宋思明。
剧中宋思明死了,死的多少有些不真实。不过,更假的是让终于出了头的苏淳放弃了前途无量的官位,辞职做起了小生意。这个情节在目前中国这样的大环境下简直匪夷所思。现实中,苏淳很可能就着梯子一步步往上爬,几年后,又是一个“宋思明”!
这才是现实,一部很好的现实主义作品让结尾弄成了理想主义。也许我们没有完全理解导演,因为这个结果是唯一能通过审查,也是中国观众能够接受的。
注意到一个细节,宋在停尸房里白被单裹着,露着双挂着ID的脚,我原以为镜头会给一个近景,显示ID上“宋思明”三个字,但没有。还有那个美国人马克,简直是个活雷锋外加柳下惠,太不可思议了。是不是可以这么想象:宋和马克早有预谋,宋“在美国和中国都给了我很多帮助”(马克的原话),而马克投桃报李,所做的一切也是为了宋,他的汉语水平其实根本不需要海萍来辅导了。实际上,马克是为宋在海外洗钱的代理,最后,宋自己制造车祸,应该没有死,到了那个院长能听他调遣的医院,让院长来个偷梁换柱,暗渡陈仓,自己就逃脱了,然后逃离国境。最后在让马克把海藻弄出国,从此“王子”和“公主”过上幸福的生活…… 我这样想像是不是太卑鄙了?但现实中这种可能性不是不存在的,至少可能性不比让海藻摘除子宫小。
或者,还有一个更文学化的结尾:在市委宣布对宋审查时,宋得到消息:海藻临盆,当宋被送进监狱,随着铁门哐当一声,另一个画面是婴儿的一声啼哭,特写:宋面部复杂的表情。……最后海藻还是出国,在飞机上,邂逅同时出国留学的小贝,四目相望,无语。
其实,凭宋的智商和能力,他会设法让海藻在分娩前就去了美国,然后自己迅速脱身,这才是现实。要更具有代表性的话,“宋思明”就不是一个政府高官,而是一个房产大亨或者是大律师,又会怎样?他不会因违法乱纪而受到惩罚。也就是说,让我们看看法律之外的人性、家庭、婚姻、道德和情欲。
总之,如果这个作品能让人看到,“宋思明”和“海藻”不会这么轻易得到“报应”,这个故事这也不是什么善与恶的斗争,而是人性的挣扎和呐喊;这样的故事还会继续翻版,所描绘的现象也会越来越严重。《蜗居》如果留下空间让人们思考:为什么道德遏制不了欲望?道德规范是不是一尘不变?现代社会除了追求高速发展的经济之外,如何建立完整的法律体系并同时允许鼓励民众追求信仰?“我”在这个故事里会是谁?为什么?这样,《蜗居》才会成为经典,像伤痕文学那样,成为现代“腐败文学”或“伦理文学”的开拓者。
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/blogview.php?date=201002&postID=3241
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