由温家寳、兪正声到蚁族
——说不完道不尽的《蜗居》
来源:澳门日报 第E03版:文化演艺 作者:曹 明 2010年05月20日
近年来,没有一部电视剧像《蜗居》那样,引起如此持久不断的哄动。而当该剧一度停播以后,在短暂沉寂之后,又在媒体上反覆出现;《蜗居》的剧名成了流行词语,舆论界对该剧重加肯定,并引起争议。大至中央首长到地方领导人也都加以关注,呈现出一种戏剧性现象。因此,回顾一下这种文化现象的由来及其演变情况,或不无意义。
从小说到电视剧
电视剧《蜗居》是根据女作家六六的同名小说改编的。六六现居新加坡。她的小说《双面胶》,表现当前现实生活的婆媳关系,被搬上银幕后,即引起热烈反响。她还写了讲述父母辈爱情的《王贵与安娜》,也是一部都市感情剧。由于贴近生活,同样激发观众的共鸣。她的《蜗居》是她生活在上海弄堂里,听隔壁邻居家为各种琐事引发争吵,而萌生构思创作的。这部作品以“房”为题,叙述了房价飆升时期发生在一对姐妹之间的故事。除了房子还反映了传统家庭关系和都市生活问题。她认为只有关注平民生活不脱离市井环境,才能写出反映社会眞实的作品。“住在高档住宅里的作家是接触不到社会现实的”。由于电视剧《蜗居》的热播,小说原著现已发行41万册,这在当前文坛上也是少见的。
电视剧《蜗居》热播后,受到评论界的重视,著名作家萧复兴在其所作<《蜗居》是指向现实问题的一根刺>一文中指出,这部戏虽然也“烧”了所谓官场和二奶文化的“香”,但本意不过是为了引出房价这个“思”来。因为房子问题“已经不仅仅是价格的问题,而是揭示人与人之间的感情发生了甚么样致命到骨髓的变化,却紧随房价步步高升而潜移默化。最后,各自都变得面目全非而令人痛彻心肺”。(见萧复兴:《底层的叩问》一书)。萧复兴的这番话,很好地说出了《蜗居》的核心所在。
《蜗居》在北京影视频道播出时创下北京地区平均8%的超高收视率,主人公郭海萍在剧中非常经典的一段话:“每天一睁开眼就有一串数字蹦出脑海,房贷六千,吃穿用二千五,冉冉上幼儿园一千五,人情往来六百,交通费五百,物业管理费三百四,手机电话费二百五,还有每期水电费,也就是说,从我甦醒的第一次呼吸开始,我每天至少进账四百,这就是我生活在这个大城市的成本。”这段生动的描述,引发了很多人的共鸣。
中途停播各方关注
正当《蜗居》热播,受到大众关注的时候,忽然传来《蜗居》停播的消息,据说是中国广播协会电视片委员会2009年度在北京召开之际,广电总局电视剧司受理司司长李京盛表示,某些电视剧价値导向错误,他直批引起讨论的《蜗居》:“有很大的负面社会影响,靠性,靠官场腐败,靠炒作来吸引眼球。”这样一来,北京电视台临时停播《蜗居》。知情者认为,是《蜗居》引起房产商的畏惧,因为它刻划了新一代中国式房奴的典型形象,解释了这个行业的某些潜规则:地是怎么拿到的,拆迁是怎么实施的,房地产的利润是怎么实现的,房价所以飞涨的缘由,也被揭示得一清二楚。剧情中的官商勾结强制拆迁老城区,怀疑是有所指。
然而,《蜗居》并不因为电视台的停播,而在群众心目中沉寂下来,反而在网络和碟店里大热。就在停演不久,两会召开了,住房问题成了代表们议论话题。一时间“蜗居”成为一个流行名词,在媒体上大量出现。与此同时,还出现另一相关名词:“蚁族”,那是形容一些居住艰难的弱势群体。正在这时温家寳总理讲话了,他在今年2月27日下午在接受中国政府网和新华网的联合采访时,提到全家曾“蜗居”的房子。这一处房子在《人民日报》记者陈杰发表的<温家寳,从一条小巷走出的大国总理>(发表于2003年3月16日)一文中有详细的记述,当年温家寳一家五口居住在天津市旧城南区一处20来平方米的平房。因此,温总理深深懂得“蜗居”的困境。他表示,要在本届政府的任期内,把这件事情办好,使房地产市场健康发展,使房价保持在一个合理的价位。不仅中央首长关注《蜗居》,地方领导人也在谈论这部电视剧。上海市委书记兪正声在三月中一次接受记者采访大谈楼价问题。他说,上海正酝酿制定具体方案,采取有效措施遏制高楼价。他还说,他看过电视剧《蜗居》,反映部分年轻人住房非常困难的情况。他推荐其他官员观看,看了《蜗居》可以亲身感受到上海老百姓的心境。
尽管《蜗居》有过争论,尽管它一度停播,但《蜗居》在其逼近生活、眞实反映社会矛盾方面所取得的杰出成就,仍然受到媒体舆论的认同,并给与高度评价。《南方周末》将其列入“年度致敬文化原创榜”,编者致敬的理由是:“《蜗居》以其现实主义风格在全国引起重大反响。一部触及亿万生存疾痛的争议之作,撕开了华美时代包裹下的一个伤口。近年来少有贴近现实生活的电视剧作品,选题介入百姓生活的敏感话题领域,而延伸内涵的深度涉及中国社会、经济、政治的现实运作格局,其中主要人物形象的刻划立体丰满。《蜗居》的意义在于呈现了一种现实存在社会万象生态,眞实进入了当代中国人的心灵世界,这在电视剧界普遍迴避现实社会矛盾的整体氛围中鹤立鸡群。该剧是刺向当下困境的一根有力量的‘刺’。”
曹 明
http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2010-05/20/content_465996.htm
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