《蜗居》中的中国女性
来源:英国《金融时报》中文网 > 生活时尚 > 生活 作者:特约撰稿人 刘剑梅 2010年02月11日
2009年底,在国内炒得火热的电视剧《蜗居》传到了海外,我看过之后也深有感触。这部电视剧真是反映了全球化场景中的中国大都市生活,极其生动地勾勒出大都市生活的原生态:房奴、贪官、二奶、小三、钉子户等等都是新时代的新产品,是二十一世纪的特别现象。
因为电视剧的成功,“蜗居”成了一个新名词。女作家六六的这个书名确实起得好,“蜗居”是指让人窒息的狭小的居住空间,在这个空间里,无论都市如何繁华,如何昌盛,一般的平民老百姓都像蜗牛一样压抑地生活着,想改变自己的居住空间就不得不沦为“房奴”。《蜗居》讲的是两个感情好的姐妹从外地来到了大都市寻找安身立命的居住空间的故事。其实问题不那么简单:她们也许为自己的身体找到了更大的居住空间,可是异化了,变形了。对我来说,这部电视剧最有意思的就是描写了女性与空间的相互关系,并从此再现了当代女性新的价值观或新的爱情观。
《蜗居》中的姐姐海萍和姐夫苏淳,在大学毕业后留在大都市打拼。他们向往有一套属于自己的房子,但是天天省吃俭用,连一块钱都要节省,还是离这个梦想非常遥远。“每天一睁开眼,就有一串数字蹦出脑海:房贷六千,吃穿用两千五,冉冉上幼儿园一千五,人情往来六百,交通费五百八,物业管理三四百,手机电话费两百五,还有煤气水电费两百。从我苏醒的第一个呼吸起,我每天要至少进账四百,这就是我活在这个城市的成本”——海萍就这样沦为“房奴”,天天被这些金钱数字无情地捆绑着,她的这种痛苦和无奈也是当下老百姓具体生活的见证。逐渐地,海萍在金钱的巨大压力下,觉得自己活得很窝囊,并把自己心中的闷气转嫁给了丈夫苏淳,还居然得出了一套新的爱情观。在跟妹妹海藻的对话中,她说:“我告诉你,爱情,爱情那都是男人骗女人的把戏。什么‘把我的心交给你,你会永远拥有我’,那都是一穷二白的穷光蛋的障眼术。他那是什么都没有了,就说点甜言蜜语。男人若真爱一个女人,别净玩儿虚的,你爱这个女人,第一个要给的,既不是你的心,也不是你的身体,一是拍上一摞票子,让女人不必担心未来;二是奉上一幢房子,至少在拥有不了男人的时候,心失落了,身体还有着落。”这种爱情观是当下典型的爱情观和人生观——“钱”才是情本体、人生本体和世界本体。的确,《蜗居》中的女性大多都持有这种价值观或爱情观,视钱如命,把钱看作最后的实在:海萍从头至尾都很看重钱,数钞票时满眼放光,钱就是太阳、月亮、星斗;海藻沦为“二奶”,即使沦为“三奶” 、“四奶”也无所谓;而宋太太选择的隐忍的“大太太”的孤独生活,也是为了钱。千百年来人类所追求的爱“情”突然变成了爱“钱”。
海萍的这一爱情观后来对她妹妹海藻的影响很大,妹妹最后选择“二奶”的生活与姐姐的这段“教育”不无关连。海藻最开始是一个非常纯情的女孩,作为一个名牌大学毕业生,她有深爱自己的男友小贝,有依靠自己能力找到的工作,但是,在目睹了姐姐沦为“房奴”的压抑的婚姻生活后,她不由自主地被有权有势而且体贴潇洒的宋思明所吸引,经过一番挣扎之后,终于选择过上了不劳而获的像寄生虫一样的“职业二奶”的生活,不仅甘愿当“性奴”,而且甘愿成为他的生育工具。海藻最初还非常清高,拥有自己的尊严,在察觉了宋思明对她的好感之后,坚决退还了借他的两万块钱和他赠与的手机。可是后来,为了解决姐姐买房子的困难,她一步步走向能够呼风唤雨的宋思明,一点点失去原本纯真独立的自我,最后深陷二奶豪华的公寓中,难以自拔。海藻选择的“二奶”身份,美其名曰有“爱情”为基础,宋思明和她似乎都是真心相爱的,但是正如她母亲所揭露的,“如果宋是个穷光蛋,如果不在这个位置上,海藻还会爱他吗?”说到底,她的“情”还是围着“钱”的轴心转。
《蜗居》热播后,很多80年代后的年轻观众非常喜欢潇洒多金的宋思明和纯真多情的海藻,不仅不痛恨“二奶”,反而羡慕“二奶”的豪华潇洒的不愁钱的生活。表面上看,《蜗居》中新的女性价值观和爱情观似乎突破了传统道德伦理的界限,“社会开放了,容忍度高了”,女性在性生活方面似乎得到了很多自由度(海藻一度可以周旋与两个男性之间,享受两种不同的爱),然而实质上,在拜金主义覆盖一切的情况下,虽然大都市变得一天比一天更华丽,虽然市场经济发展得一天比一天更繁荣,虽然女性打扮得一天比一天更时尚,女性的地位却一天天倒退回“女奴”的地位,重新沦为男性的奴隶和金钱的奴隶,完全迷失了自我,更可悲的是,沦为了“房奴” 、“性奴”仍不自知,仍没有任何自省的能力。海藻最后不思自我奋斗,完全把自己的未来寄托在宋思明的身上,不再在乎自己的尊严和人格,这等于是另外一种形式的奴隶,是拥有豪华外壳的“女奴”。而宋思明的太太即使知道丈夫有了“二奶”,还是采取了隐忍的态度。察觉了丈夫的私情后,她居然能够接受丈夫的一番官场中“逢场作戏”的辩白。宋思明倘若没有被查处,他仍然可以享受着“一妻一妾”的中国传统男性所拥有的生活。他似乎对自己的妻妾都有情有义,然而实质上是典型的对女性占有欲极强的男权主义的象征。他爱海藻,跟他误会海藻是处女并把自己的第一次交给他有关;他自己可以同时拥有妻子和海藻,却不允许海藻继续维系与男友小贝的爱情;正如他的妻子所说的,女人在他的手里都是被安排好的棋子,仅仅是棋子而已。就这样的一个贪官形象还让现在的年轻的女性读者如此倾心,得到那么多的追捧,这最重要的原因就是把钱视为价值本体。没想到自五四以来提倡的女性解放经历了一个世纪,从娜拉离家出走,逃离华丽却令人窒息的“女奴” 生活,到妇女参加革命,后来获得与男性平等的地位,而如今像海藻这样的后现代女性又重新自愿充当豪华的“女奴”,自愿被囚禁在富丽堂皇的居室里,即使做男性的“玩偶”也不在乎,这种变化真是颇有反讽意味。
《蜗居》确实提出了一些让我们深思的全球背景下的复杂的社会问题,还有女性的生存处境等问题。从剧中,我们可以看到整个社会的大环境对中国女性都缺乏基本的尊重,比如宋思明居然可以把“二奶”公然带到同学聚会,而且如果不带还变成“有问题”;海萍单位的领导明显地歧视三十岁以上的职业女性,对需要照顾孩子和家庭的女性没有任何同情心;上了年纪的女性,在社会上成了被欺负和被边缘化的对象。不过除了归类到社会问题,女性自身也应该有反省的能力。为什么女性不能重新找回自己的尊严和人格?为什么一定要把希望寄托在男人身上?为什么女性不能自己救赎自己,而总是要等着男人来救赎?为什么女性把这么多的精力放在对物质的追求上,而不在精神上多多丰富自己?身体的蜗居状态可以通过金钱来改变,可是精神上的蜗居状态要靠什么才能改变呢?
《蜗居》后半段把海萍塑造成一个逐渐在大都市中找回自我的女性,她不仅在丈夫落难时没有抛弃他,而且通过自己的辛勤工作找到了自己的位置,不再总是把拮据的生活归罪于她的丈夫;不仅身体逃离了“蜗居”,而且心灵也逃离了“蜗居”。这似乎是作者六六给当代女性所指引的一条“反异化”的归路。而海藻最后仍然还要靠马克救赎,逃到国外。然而,逃离了这座让她迷失的大都市,是否她就能摆脱豪华的“女奴”状态,是否就能靠自己的力量找回女性独立的精神家园呢?
(2010年1月写于美国马里兰州)
作者简介:
刘剑梅,美国哥伦比亚大学东亚系博士,现为美国马里兰大学亚洲与东欧语言文学系副教授。曾出版中文著作《共悟人间:父女两地书》(与刘再复合著,香港天地图书,2000年;上海文艺出版社,2001年;台湾九歌出版社,2003年)、《狂欢的女神》(香港明报出版社,2004年;台湾九歌,2005年;北京三联,2007年),《共悟红楼》(与刘再复合著,北京三联,香港三联,2008年),英文学术专著《革命与情爱:文学史女性身体和主题重复》 Revolution Plus Love: Literary History, Women’s Bodies, and Thematic Repetition in Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction (美国夏威夷大学出版社,2003年),英文编著《金庸现象:中国武侠小说与现代中国文学史》The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History (与何素楠Ann Huss合编,Cambria Press, 2007年)
http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001031276?page=1
“英国《金融时报》:《蜗居》中的中国女性”上的182条回复
allegra side effects best allergy pills for adults types of allergy pills
best selling sleeping pills purchase phenergan generic
order prednisone generic buy cheap prednisone
heartburn medications list over the counter medication that causes nausea
hormonal acne treatment near me order omnacortil pills prescription acne medication for adults
drugs for heartburn prescription quinapril 10 mg canada
isotretinoin 40mg brand isotretinoin drug accutane 10mg without prescription
buy amoxicillin 500mg online cheap amoxicillin online buy amoxicillin 500mg online cheap
order sleep meds online buy melatonin online cheap
brand azithromycin azithromycin 500mg generic azithromycin order
neurontin order buy neurontin 800mg
azipro tablet azithromycin 500mg price buy azipro no prescription
oral lasix buy furosemide generic
omnacortil order buy cheap generic omnacortil how to get omnacortil without a prescription
antihistamine drugs list ventolin 2mg pills best allergy for runny nose
buy generic augmentin for sale augmentin 1000mg pills
generic levoxyl levothroid brand synthroid medication
order vardenafil generic levitra 10mg oral
order tizanidine 2mg online cheap buy tizanidine 2mg online tizanidine without prescription
rybelsus 14mg uk buy rybelsus 14 mg order semaglutide generic
prednisone 5mg brand buy prednisone 20mg online cheap prednisone 20mg pill
semaglutide 14mg pills rybelsus 14mg canada buy semaglutide tablets
buy accutane pill buy isotretinoin online buy isotretinoin 20mg online cheap
buy generic ventolin online ventolin 4mg without prescription albuterol 2mg without prescription
amoxil tablets buy amoxicillin tablets oral amoxicillin
augmentin medication augmentin 625mg sale augmentin drug
where can i buy azithromycin order zithromax 250mg generic buy generic zithromax
purchase levothyroxine generic order synthroid 75mcg for sale buy cheap synthroid
buy prednisolone 20mg online cheap where to buy omnacortil without a prescription omnacortil 20mg ca
purchase clomid for sale clomid 50mg us serophene online buy
neurontin order purchase gabapentin pill cheap gabapentin pill
buy lasix pills buy lasix medication lasix 40mg pill
viagra 50mg brand sildenafil 100mg canada sildenafil pills 100mg
buy doxycycline 200mg buy vibra-tabs without prescription acticlate oral
buy generic semaglutide online rybelsus 14 mg sale order rybelsus generic
casino moons online casino free slot play online casino for real money
lyrica 150mg canada buy pregabalin sale buy lyrica 75mg for sale
buy triamcinolone 10mg online brand aristocort buy aristocort 10mg generic
cialis 20mg drug tadalafil 20mg price cialis 5mg sale
desloratadine 5mg sale buy generic clarinex over the counter order desloratadine 5mg pills
purchase cenforce for sale buy cenforce 50mg without prescription buy cenforce 50mg for sale
order generic loratadine buy generic claritin 10mg buy loratadine 10mg without prescription
buy generic aralen for sale chloroquine pills buy chloroquine
priligy 60mg us cytotec cheap oral misoprostol
glycomet 1000mg sale glycomet drug purchase glucophage without prescription
order xenical 60mg order diltiazem 180mg pill buy diltiazem generic
order lipitor 40mg online order atorvastatin 80mg sale atorvastatin tablet
buy norvasc 5mg sale order amlodipine 10mg for sale buy amlodipine sale
purchase acyclovir generic purchase zovirax pills buy cheap zyloprim
oral zestril 5mg lisinopril 2.5mg us order lisinopril 5mg sale
purchase rosuvastatin online zetia generic buy zetia 10mg sale
buy omeprazole 20mg order prilosec 20mg generic buy generic prilosec 10mg
motilium price sumycin 250mg generic buy cheap tetracycline
lopressor ca metoprolol 100mg for sale buy metoprolol sale
purchase tenormin pills order atenolol 50mg online cheap atenolol usa
ketorolac tablet toradol 10mg for sale buy cheap gloperba
depo-medrol sale methylprednisolone pills canada medrol 16 mg without prescription
pay essay writing writing a paper buy an essay paper
order inderal 10mg for sale buy generic propranolol over the counter clopidogrel 75mg usa
buy methotrexate 2.5mg generic order warfarin 5mg pills coumadin usa
mobic 7.5mg canada buy meloxicam 7.5mg generic buy celebrex 200mg pills
buy metoclopramide paypal cozaar 50mg usa losartan order online
tamsulosin generic purchase celecoxib pill order celebrex 200mg without prescription
buy zofran no prescription aldactone uk spironolactone pills
order imitrex without prescription levofloxacin 250mg price oral levofloxacin 500mg
order simvastatin 20mg online cheap buy valtrex 1000mg without prescription buy valtrex without prescription
buy acillin paypal vibra-tabs uk amoxil buy online
finasteride pill diflucan buy online buy diflucan 100mg online cheap
buy generic cipro – buy generic augmentin how to get augmentin without a prescription
purchase baycip – augmentin 625mg sale purchase augmentin pills
order ciprofloxacin 500 mg online – purchase chloramphenicol without prescription erythromycin 500mg usa
order valacyclovir online cheap – order valtrex without prescription order zovirax
order flagyl 200mg pill – buy amoxicillin online cheap oral azithromycin
buy cheap lasix – prograf 5mg brand buy captopril 25 mg generic
buy glycomet paypal – ciprofloxacin 1000mg price lincocin 500 mg cost
buy zidovudine online – buy lamivudine no prescription buy zyloprim 300mg generic
clozaril online buy – quinapril us pepcid 40mg drug
anafranil 25mg tablet – buy imipramine medication order doxepin for sale
seroquel price – buy geodon 80mg pills eskalith price
hydroxyzine 10mg pill – endep without prescription order endep 25mg
buy augmentin 625mg online cheap – amoxiclav cheap buy baycip no prescription
buy amoxicillin generic – cephalexin 125mg for sale purchase baycip generic
order generic azithromycin 500mg – buy tindamax pills ciplox 500 mg pills
cleocin 150mg brand – suprax 100mg sale chloramphenicol online order
stromectol 3 mg tablet – buy doryx pill cefaclor without prescription
buy albuterol for sale – fexofenadine cheap buy theophylline online cheap
methylprednisolonee online – montelukast 10mg drug order azelastine 10 ml generic
order generic clarinex – order desloratadine 5mg pill albuterol 2mg ca
order micronase 5mg for sale – buy pioglitazone 15mg for sale buy forxiga 10mg pills
order generic repaglinide 1mg – repaglinide pill jardiance 25mg generic
order rybelsus 14mg for sale – purchase glucovance generic DDAVP online
terbinafine where to buy – fluconazole 100mg price buy griseofulvin for sale
ketoconazole generic – buy butenafine online buy cheap generic itraconazole
cost famvir 250mg – order acyclovir 800mg online buy generic valaciclovir
brand digoxin 250mg – lasix canada purchase furosemide online
lopressor 100mg for sale – losartan generic adalat 10mg sale
buy microzide pills – order hydrochlorothiazide 25mg cost zebeta 10mg
purchase nitroglycerin without prescription – buy clonidine 0.1 mg generic diovan ca
simvastatin stoop – tricor self lipitor almost
rosuvastatin pine – crestor pills breathless caduet glove
buy viagra professional arrival – malegra suggest levitra oral jelly curve
dapoxetine genuine – levitra with dapoxetine sunday cialis with dapoxetine extent
cenforce online pan – brand viagra fear
brand cialis ordinary – alprostadil dead penisole involve
cialis soft tabs pills sparkler – cialis oral jelly switch viagra oral jelly online unlike
cialis soft tabs oak – valif online speaker viagra oral jelly apparent
dapoxetine delight – sildigra urge cialis with dapoxetine consequence
asthma medication moment – asthma medication reasonable inhalers for asthma divide
acne treatment drink – acne medication writ acne treatment bosom
prostatitis medications or – prostatitis treatment web prostatitis pills damn
treatment for uti hiss – uti medication spirit uti treatment dear
valtrex sip – valacyclovir pills yard valacyclovir pills aspect
dapoxetine admit – priligy myrtle dapoxetine swing
loratadine medication sort – claritin pills snort claritin confuse
ascorbic acid midst – ascorbic acid across ascorbic acid smooth
promethazine charm – promethazine board promethazine personal
clarithromycin pills centre – albendazole rip cytotec westward
fludrocortisone day – omeprazole pills page prevacid surface
buy aciphex 10mg sale – rabeprazole 10mg usa motilium canada
dulcolax ca – brand loperamide 2 mg order liv52 pill
eukroma price – buy cheap zovirax generic duphaston 10 mg
order bactrim 960mg without prescription – levetiracetam 500mg oral tobrex order online
order fulvicin – generic gemfibrozil buy gemfibrozil 300 mg pills
buy generic dapagliflozin 10 mg – acarbose 50mg usa acarbose 25mg for sale
how to get dimenhydrinate without a prescription – buy prasugrel 10 mg pill order actonel 35mg online cheap
buy etodolac without a prescription – generic etodolac 600mg buy cilostazol 100 mg online
piroxicam generic – exelon medication buy cheap generic rivastigmine
buy nootropil 800mg online cheap – buy generic nootropil 800 mg buy sinemet pill
hydroxyurea price – buy cheap generic ethionamide buy methocarbamol pills
order depakote 250mg without prescription – buy cordarone 100mg online cheap topiramate 200mg cheap
order disopyramide phosphate online cheap – chlorpromazine where to buy purchase chlorpromazine online cheap
spironolactone for sale – buy revia naltrexone medication
cytoxan price – order dramamine online cheap where to buy vastarel without a prescription
buy generic cyclobenzaprine – olanzapine ca vasotec 5mg price
order zofran online – ondansetron 8mg cheap order requip 2mg pill
ascorbic acid pills – brand compro order compro pills
durex gel online purchase – buy cheap durex gel order xalatan eye drops
rogaine buy online – order proscar pills finasteride 1mg pills
brand arava 10mg – buy cheap generic alfacalcidol buy cartidin generic
calan 120mg drug – order valsartan 80mg for sale tenoretic buy online
atenolol buy online – order coreg online order carvedilol 6.25mg sale
gasex sale – cost gasex buy diabecon tablets
buy generic atorlip online – buy vasotec 5mg generic bystolic
buy lasuna pill – lasuna medication buy generic himcolin
order noroxin generic – buy flutamide buy confido online
order finax pill – order uroxatral without prescription order alfuzosin 10mg pills
terazosin 5mg for sale – flomax 0.4mg sale buy dapoxetine 30mg without prescription
cheap speman sale – cheap finasteride online finasteride pill
trileptal pills – order pirfenidone pill levothyroxine sale
order cyclosporine generic – order methotrexate 2.5mg colcrys drug
buy duphalac bottles – order betahistine generic buy betahistine 16 mg online cheap
how to buy deflazacort – buy generic alphagan over the counter buy alphagan no prescription
besivance tubes – buy sildamax paypal buy sildamax tablets
neurontin 100mg usa – order motrin generic sulfasalazine for sale online
benemid 500mg sale – cost etodolac buy carbamazepine 200mg sale
buy celebrex online – purchase urispas without prescription purchase indocin sale
order mebeverine 135mg generic – etoricoxib ca generic pletal 100mg
buy diclofenac 100mg pills – cheap cambia buy aspirin sale
rumalaya pills – order generic endep 50mg buy endep 10mg pill
mestinon 60 mg cost – imuran 50mg uk imuran over the counter
order diclofenac generic – nimotop medication nimotop where to buy
baclofen uk – feldene 20 mg cheap feldene 20 mg canada
order mobic online cheap – buy cheap generic meloxicam toradol 10mg price
oral cyproheptadine – oral periactin 4mg purchase tizanidine generic
buy trihexyphenidyl medication – order diclofenac gel online buy voltaren gel for sale
order isotretinoin 10mg for sale – avlosulfon usa deltasone price
order prednisone 10mg for sale – buy permethrin cheap order zovirax without prescription
acticin generic – order benzoyl peroxide generic where can i buy tretinoin
oral betamethasone – differin for sale online benoquin for sale
order metronidazole for sale – metronidazole without prescription cenforce 100mg pill
buy augmentin 375mg pills – purchase levothyroxine sale order synthroid 150mcg generic
buy cleocin 150mg sale – indocin 75mg drug indocin 75mg ca
buy cozaar sale – order keflex 250mg without prescription buy keflex for sale
eurax over the counter – crotamiton where to buy buy aczone pills
buy generic zyban for sale – purchase zyban generic purchase shuddha guggulu for sale
buy prometrium online – order clomiphene without prescription how to buy clomiphene
oral fosamax 35mg – order pilex sale provera sale
order aygestin 5 mg pills – purchase bimatoprost generic buy cheap yasmin
buy cabergoline paypal – buy cabgolin online cheap buy alesse generic
バイアグラジェネリック йЂљиІ© – г‚їгѓЂгѓ©гѓ•г‚Јгѓ« йЈІгЃїж–№ г‚·г‚ўгѓЄг‚№ гЃ©гЃ“гЃ§иІ·гЃ€г‚‹
гѓ—гѓ¬гѓ‰гѓ‹гѓі еЂ‹дєєијёе…Ґ гЃЉгЃ™гЃ™г‚Ѓ – гѓ—гѓ¬гѓ‰гѓ‹гѓійЂљиІ© 安全 г‚ёг‚№гѓгѓћгѓѓг‚Ї гЃЉгЃ™гЃ™г‚Ѓ
гѓ—гѓ¬гѓ‰гѓ‹гѓі гЃ©гЃ“гЃ§иІ·гЃ€г‚‹ – гѓ‰г‚シサイクリン йЈІгЃїж–№ г‚ўг‚ュテイン通販で買えますか