《蜗居》事件·《蜗居》争议·《蜗居》得失
来源:澳门日报 第F04版:文化演艺 作者:陈 辽 2010年09月30日
《蜗居》播出后以其关怀民生、尖锐提出住房问题而受到观众和评论界的热评。它的平均8%的超高收视率,更打破了北京地区收视率的纪录。然而,《蜗居》突然停播,在电视界和广大观众中间引起强烈不满。这就是《蜗居》事件。《蜗居》事件是一起甚么性质的事件?《蜗居》事件发生后评论界有何等反应?究竟怎样恰如其份地评价《蜗居》?我想在这里谈谈对这三个问题的看法。
一
《蜗居》电视连续剧是根据六六的同名小说改编而成的,已经广电总局审查通过。《蜗居》电视剧播出后好评如潮。没想到在中国广播协会电视片委员会于北京召开之际,广电总局管理司司长李京盛发言表示,某些电视剧价値导向错误,接着直批《蜗居》:“有很大的负面社会影响,靠性、靠官场腐败、靠炒作来吸引眼球。”此言一发,语惊与会人员,北京电视台随即停播《蜗居》。但是,时代不同了,《蜗居》并不因为李京盛司长的一言否定、北京电视台的停播而销声匿跡,反而在网络和碟店里大热。《蜗居》停播不久,2010年全国人代会和全国政协会召开,住房问题成了热门话题。“蜗居”也成了一个新的流行名词。特别是在2010年2月27日下午,温家寳总理在接受中国政府网和新华网的联合采访时,提到他全家当年在天津曾“蜗居”过的房子,因此,温家寳总理深深懂得“蜗居”的困境。政治局委员、上海市委书记兪正声在2010年3月中一次接受记者采访谈楼价问题时说,他看过电视剧《蜗居》,反映部分年轻人住房非常困难的情况。他推荐其他官员观看,看了《蜗居》可以亲身感受到上海老百姓的心境。《南方周末》报则把《蜗居》列入“年度致敬文化原创榜”。广大群众、高层领导、舆论媒体都肯定《蜗居》是一部好电视剧。
李京盛司长所说的《蜗居》“靠性,靠官场腐败,靠炒作来吸引眼球”,“有很大的负面影响”,完全是“莫须有”的个人臆断出来的罪状。《蜗居》中有些对话,有些场景涉及“性”,但都无伤大雅。譬如说,贪官宋思明对他的情人张海藻说:“晩上请你吃棒棒糖”;宋思明与张海藻一起时动手动脚;但都谈不上秽褻,淫荡。然而,2007年在全国上映的电影《色,戒》,做爱场景长达数分鐘,眞正地在诲淫,请问管理司当时为甚么不管呢?”更不要说《色,戒》是一部反爱国主义的影片,讚颂汉奸有“人性”,诬蔑爱国女志士在被汉奸蹂躪后反而爱上了汉奸,李京盛先生当时又为甚么不作任何批评呢?再说“靠官场腐败““来吸引眼球”,简直是“欲加之罪,何患无词?”《蜗居》揭露房产开发商与贪官勾结,抬高房价,紧扣《蜗居》对现实问题焦虑的主题,顺带反一下腐败,怎能说是“靠官场腐败来吸引眼球”呢?按照这一逻辑。谁揭露腐败,谁就是“靠官场腐败”“来吸引眼球”;等于禁止在文艺作品中反腐败,这一逻辑站得住脚吗?“靠炒作”“来吸引眼球”,更是无中生有。《蜗居》播出后,因其艺术内容密切和民生有关,因而观众相互传吿,造成了超高收视剧。《蜗居》并没有搞甚么“炒作”。至于播出成功后,媒体自愿宣传也很自然,这和有些电影、有些电视剧花费几百万、上千万资金蓄意“炒作”,企图造成轰动效应,是两回事。李京盛先生说《蜗居》“有很大的负面社会影响”,更是睁着眼睛说瞎话。温家寳总理由《蜗居》而谈到他当年居住的“蜗居”;兪正声把《蜗居》推荐给其他官员看,这是“负面影响”吗?广大观众看了《蜗居》后通过不同途径希望政府早日解决住房问题,是“负面影响”吗?总之,李京盛司长批判《蜗居》的这些霸权话语是强加在《蜗居》身上的,不过是他禁播《蜗居》的借口而已。
1979年,邓小平在文代会上致辞:“写甚么和怎样写,只能由文艺家在艺术实践中去探索和逐步求得解决。在这方面不要横加干涉。”《蜗居》旣已经广电总局审查通过,为甚么管理司又来“横加干涉”呢?李京盛先生于2009年一步倒退了三十年,实在使我难以理解。简言之,《蜗居》事件是一起“横加干涉”的文艺事件!
二
《蜗居》事件发生后,评论界出现了两种声音:一种声音:在总的方面肯定《蜗居》,同时也指出《蜗居》存在的不足之处;另一种声音是,基本否定《蜗居》。但前一种声音是强音,在评论界处于主导地位;后一种声音是杂音,只见之于个别文章。张宗伟在<语境与文本:2009年国产电视剧热点述评>(载《艺术评论》2010年第2期)中说:《蜗居》“不仅将矛头指向百姓最为敏感的‘买房’话题,而且对当下不少社会热点均有所指涉”;“以《蜗居》为代表的‘民生剧’之所以引起观众如此空前激烈的关注与讨论,究其本质,是因为它比较眞实地展现了当代人尤其是70后、80后社会群体当下的生存困境!”祝东力在<《蜗居》,及其时代处境>中说:《蜗居》“引起舆论的高度关注,是因为它直接触动了我们时代的那个框纽和关节点——这个框纽和关节点牵动着中国社会各利益集团,并多向度地联结着民生、经济、金融、社会和政治等诸多方面。”(《艺术评论》2010年第3期)何吉贤在<“这一代”的宿命>中说:《蜗居》“以罕见的直面‘现实’的品质,激起了观众对自身所处‘现实’的自我反思。”(《艺术评论》2010年第3期)胡鹏林则在<幻想的《奋斗》与现实的《蜗居》>一文中说:“从虚幻的《奋斗》到现实的《蜗居》,都极其恰当地契合了其时的文化和心理,也十分明显地预示着一种对时代文化心理的变化”。(《艺术评论》2010年第3期)虽然祝东力、何吉贤、胡鹏林对《蜗居》也有所批评,有些批评很尖锐,但他们都是在基本肯定《蜗居》的前提下提出批评的。《文艺报》2010年3月17日发表文章:<叩问人心是作家的良知>(作者余义林)中高度肯定作家肖复兴较早写出讚扬《蜗居》的评论;<《蜗居》是指向现实问题的一根刺>,说“他那些‘底层的叩问’,叩问的是人心,是一个作家的良知。”《蜗居》事件也惊动了澳门特区媒体《澳门日报》,先后发表三篇文章评论《蜗居》,其中2010年5月20日发表的<由温家寳、兪正声到蚁族——说不完道不尽的《蜗居》>(作者曹明),热情讚赏《蜗居》的“逼近生活、眞实反映社会矛盾方面所取得的杰出成就”。《扬子晩报》则在“时评”<批《蜗居》低俗是电视剧逼向故纸堆(作者晏扬,2009年12月12日)中指出:李京盛否定《蜗居》的意见“是代表个人还是代表电视剧管理司?”“为甚么中国的电视剧创作总是埋头于历史的故纸堆,而不愿抬起头来关注现实,关注波澜壮阔的改革开放?”限于篇幅,《蜗居》事件发生后仍然肯定或基本肯定《蜗居》的评论,不一一引述了。
《蜗居》事件发生后,基本否定《蜗居》的评论也有,但很少。《艺术百家》2010年第2期发表贾磊磊的文章<问题作品的消极快感与当代中国现实社会的心理裂变>一文可作代表。该文对李京盛的《蜗居》“价値导向错误”作了极端化的演绎;《蜗居》玩的并不是叙事游戏,而是一种在故事情节上的价値游戏,故事中的人物在不同的价値取向间来回摇摆,“如果一部有强盗的作品引导观众向强盗认同,一部有窃贼的作品引导观众向窃贼认同,所有罪犯的作品都让观众向罪犯认同,那我们头顶上价値的天空将是一片黑暗。”然而,看过《蜗居》电视剧的观众,谁也不会向罪犯宋思明的价値观认同,甚至也不会向宋思明的情人郭海藻的价値观认同,因此贾磊磊的批评纯粹是无的放矢,与实事求是距离十万八千里。贾磊磊的批评可以是一家之言,对《蜗居》的见仁见智是正常现象,所以,我尊重贾磊磊的个人意见,但他的批评逻辑是独断、强横的,不会得到广大读者、观众的认同。(二之一)
(作者为著名文艺评论家;江苏省社会科学院硏究员。)
http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2010-09/30/content_514812.htm
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