《蜗居》的成功和遗憾
来源:文学城博客–>茹月絮语 作者:茹月 2010年02月26日
看到几乎每个网站都在热议蜗居,我这个本来就喜欢电视剧,而且很长时间没有看到好的电视剧的人,便忙不迭地找来这部据说因为太过真实,中央电视台已经禁止播放的片子看了一遍。说实话,我还真是挺喜欢这部电视剧。看完了不过瘾,又去找来小说看了一遍。
我想从艺术和内容上这个片子应当没有什么大的反党反政府的问题,但是电影里人们对高房价的无奈和由此产生的痛苦,经过编剧和影视的艺术加工以后,确实更能煽动中国低收入人群对房价和政府的不满情绪。现在有人说,前一段时间的股市大跌,和地产股票的下滑,是因为温家宝一周内三次提到抑制房价。而这部电视剧,在这个时候播映,确实可以说是起到了火上浇油,推波助澜的作用。这样的结果也许并不是作家六六写这部电视剧时的初衷,更不会是制片人预期的结果。但是,一部引起轰动的电视剧,也许正是因为这种巧合变得更加切中时弊,而深入人心。
看《蜗居》每个人的处境不同,角度就会有不同。身在中国正在为买房子烦恼的人,会因为蜗居说出了他们的烦恼而产生强烈共鸣。为中国腐败担忧的人们,会因为这部电视剧里描写的那个几乎完美的腐败蛀虫而痛心疾首。喜欢文学的人,则会为了这部电视剧里充满哲理闪光的对白和精彩细腻立体的人物描写而反复咀嚼其滋味。这是一部可以让很多人从不同角度欣赏的电视剧,能够火起来自然不在话下了。
我看了这部电视剧,不得不对作家六六敬佩有加。而一个朋友,在看了赵赵的电视剧《动什么,别动感情》以后,曾经大为感叹地说:“现在的年轻作家们,真是后生可畏,他们已经大大地超过我们这些在文革中长大的人。我们写不出这样具有现代感的作品。”我很认同这个观点。我一直觉得,当前中国的电视剧,在思想和内容上大大地走在了文学之前,出现了很多很好的电视剧。相比较而言,国内的小说特别是长篇小说,却很长时间内都没有好的作品出现。我一直不知道其中的原因。后来与国内的作家聊起来,才知道是经济杠杆的作用。也许是因为现代人的心态浮躁,很难静下心来读书。而茶余饭后的电视剧却是老少皆宜,特别适合当今的现代生活方式,稍有彩头,便可在全国引起轰动效应。以那个作家的原话说,现在精英作家们,都去写电视剧了,只有二、三流的作家还在坚持写小说。如此看来,中国电视剧精品迭出,也就不足为奇了。
我读了赵赵和六六的小说原作以后,一个很强烈的感觉是,作为小说,这两本书真的算不上是好小说,甚至与曹禺的剧本比,也算不上是好的剧本。但是,它们确实有好的故事和好的对白。给我的感觉是,他们是介于小说和剧本之间的某种产物。在这个很粗糙的小说框架里,需要电视剧的演员和导演赋予它们站起来的生命。这两部小说可以说是专门为电视剧而写的。所以,如果离开了电视剧的表演媒介,仅仅从文字里去欣赏这两本书的话,读者是一定会失望的。
了解了《蜗居》的特点,就不难理解怎样去看这部电视剧。首先,它不是产生于一个耐人寻味的,细腻的文学作品,所以不能够期望它具有很强的思想性,也不要期望它能够深刻地剖析社会。它对人物的刻画更加适合于演员的表演,而不那么注重心理上的发展,书中的人物有些粗糙和苍白就在所难免。当不同的人,编剧、导演、和演员都参与了创作以后,人物性格与作家初衷难免会有不一致,故事的发展与人物思想脉络有些模糊都有可能发生,人物性格的脸谱化,和简单化,也就不奇怪了。这些缺陷和疵瑕,因为故事的曲折和精彩,而常常被人们遗忘,而电视剧本身就是一种需要适应各种人群口味的快餐式艺术模式,它并不需要过多地表现人物内心,就可以产生很的效果。所以,《蜗居》是一部的好作品不错的电视剧,难怪,它一播映就产生了如此轰动的效应。
我喜欢《蜗居》的一个主要原因,是它对人物关系和故事的发展尽量保持自然,符合人性。没有强化好人和坏人的戏剧效果。作者六六很注重寻找一个人做坏事儿时的合理化动机。这里面最突出的就是宋思明这个角色。他出场的时候,不管是在做见不得人的官商勾结贪污枉法之事,还是引诱纯真的女孩儿海藻,都风度翩翩,让人恨不起来。甚至当他使用暴力强迫了海藻的时候,还是几乎没有人认为那是犯罪。他可以说是当今那些黑暗的贪官中外表最为漂亮的一个。其实,这个让人恨不起来的当权者,是当今中国社会毒瘤中,最为险恶,毒性最大的核心。他的险恶并不是因为其人品最坏,而恰恰是因为他优秀的人格魅力和超出常人的工作能力。只有具备了这样的优秀品质,宋思明才能够走到权力的最核心层。而他的弱点,或者说是大部分人都会有的弱点-对拥有财富和权力的快感-使得这些原本优秀的官员根本无法抗拒环境的腐蚀。宋思明这样的人变质以后,对社会和亲人所造成的伤害也会非常大。在《蜗居》里,宋思明从来没有指使任何人杀人,可是在他的催促下,搬迁户的老太太死于拆迁;清纯的海藻失去最值得珍爱恋人,成为身份莫名其妙的二奶;与他共同拼搏几十年的妻子,失去了可以信赖的伴侣;而他的女儿更是永远失去了一个可以让她感到自豪的父亲。所有的这一切,都随着宋思明在权力和贪腐的游戏中越陷来越深,成为无法挽回的必然结果。《蜗居》的成功之处就在于,它把这样一个演变的过程和结果,以 最为真实可信的方式,赤裸裸地呈现给了并不清楚这些生活形态的观众。
《蜗居》的精彩还在于它抓住了当今中国社会不同阶层人物所思所求中最具代表性的问题。而且将它们非常巧妙的编织在一个故事中。故事中的人物都具有很强的时代感和性格特征。观众通过这个电视剧,品味那些可以触摸的,也存在于他们身边的,社会各阶层人物的行为轨迹。也因为这种强烈的社会再现特征,使得不同的人在观看这部电视剧的时候有不同的解读和反应。也因为如此,不管人们怎样理解《蜗居》里的人物和故事,都源于各自的理由,没有对错和好坏之分。
如果说对《蜗居》有遗憾的话,我最大的遗憾,是它没有足够的力度去解读宋思明与海藻的关系。我很难看出宋思明为何甘愿冒着丢官的危险,甚至不惜破坏自己的家庭去维系与海藻的爱情。以宋思明的阅历,他应当能够超越这段感情,而且我并不认为宋思明对海藻的感情真的像电视剧里描写的那么美好,其实在电视剧里也是多多少少地做了这样的暗示。他们两人的第一次,其实是宋思明酒后乱性强奸了海藻。而宋思明之所以对海藻不弃不离是因为,她长得很像自己年轻时暗恋的女同学。但是,在电视剧里却没有进一步描写,一段年轻时暗恋的感情,为何在宋思明获得了巨大的权力、可以呼风唤雨的时候会发酵成为占有一个年轻女孩儿的强烈欲望。这种欲望为何如此强烈,甚至在他面临危难的时候,也从来都不考虑放弃。我认为,宋思明对海藻的欲望不是纯洁的爱情,而是一种需要,是仅仅来自于他自身对一个年轻女人的需要,这里面并没有考虑海藻的感情,也不会因为海藻是否爱他而改变。或者说,在那个时候,他必须依靠海藻才能够获得动力,在权力的游戏中获得成功的快感。而海藻对宋思明的感情也不纯洁,那是一种对权力和享受的期望。这种期望注定会让海藻放弃对小贝的感情,而投入宋思明的怀抱。即使,他不能够陪伴她,即使知道这是一段很难有结果的感情,只要不被宋思明抛弃,海藻就不会离开宋思明。在这里对海藻这样的分析,并没有批评的意思,一个正常的年轻女孩儿,有过那么多穷困的经历,又生活在当今这样追逐物质享受的社会环境中,崇拜权力,崇拜物质享受是再正常不过的了。而她本人在得到这样一份享受的时候,必须付出的是具有很大危险性的将来。她把自己的将来押在宋思明那份毫无保证的感情上。我想海藻从一开始就明白自己的位置,所以她不想抗争,顺其自然,让命运带着自己漂向任何可能的地方,因为这原本就是一场冒险。电视剧里,对海宋两人感情的内在动力并没有很好的揭示,反而有意无意地将两人之间的关系描写的浪漫而纯洁,带给了观众美好的感觉,这不能不令人遗憾。在现实中,官僚与二奶之间的感情有多少可以脱离权力和物质而存在呢?而那些为二奶献身的贪官,又有多少仅仅是因为情感而付出呢?
虽然《蜗居》有这样的不足,我仍然认为这是一部很值得一看的电视剧。通过它,你可以更好的理解今天的中国。
2010年1月6日,于新泽西
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/blogview.php?date=201002&postID=36933&
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