《蜗居》与小概率事件
来源:深圳商报 第C04版:文化广场 作者: 孙振华 2010年02月08日
电视剧《蜗居》还没来得及看,借乘飞机的工夫,把《蜗居》的小说看完了。
小说看起来很生活化,其实很戏剧性,它把一个贪官和二奶的故事写得相当感人。如果小说不是在后来发生了大逆转,整个故事趋向于一种圆满。宋思明成熟、稳重,有权有势,又重感情,他配上青春纯情、有梦一样的眼睛的郭海藻,形成一种优势互补,俩人各取所需,达到了资源的最佳配置。
因为这两个人好了,其他的问题也迎刃而解:海藻的生计不愁了,海萍的房子解决了,与儿子团聚了,老人接来了,海萍与丈夫的事业也顺畅了……
听说许多人看电视剧哭得稀里哗啦,为这两个人的深情所感动,为他们最后的悲剧而叹息。还有,海萍、海藻这样可以随时为对方献出生命的姐妹亲情;海萍、苏淳虽然吵吵闹闹,但是患难与共、不可分离的夫妻之情;还有小贝这样单纯、阳光的大男孩的痴情……
如果站在道德立场,宋思明和郭海藻的感情是要受到谴责的。现在的问题是,这个不道德的情感故事,为什么能够打动人?对读者而言,在理性的道德判断和感性的情感体验的相互冲突中,似乎更容易向着情感方面倾斜。
原因在于,道德判断是普遍的,而情感故事是小概率的。正是小说中那些偶然的、个别性的小概率事件对应着人们的日常经验,能获得他们的共鸣。而普遍的道德规则无法与小概率事件抗衡。生活故事与小说故事相比,其差别在于,小说家写出来的故事是一些更加小概率的事件。尽管有些小说看起来是那么日常,那么普通,那么充满了生活气息,但是在小说中,它们都小概率化了。小说家的种种努力,就是要把许多小概率事件编排在一起,让它充满了偶然,充满了巧合,充满了神奇;正是一些阴差阳错,仿佛不可能出现却又偏偏出现了的小概率事件,决定了小说的魅力。
《蜗居》就是一个充满了小概率事件的联合体。例如,拿宋思明来说,贪官到处都有,但是像宋思明这么重情的贪官不多;即使重情的贪官也存在,但是对大学时代暗恋的女同学痴心不改,保持了二十多年,直到遇到一个与之长相相似的女孩,马上义无反顾地把感情投射进去,遇到这种贪官的概率就太低了。
再说郭海藻,能遇到小贝这个独子,而且情投意合,在当今是很小概率的事件;海藻和海萍,姐妹之间感情如此特殊的,是一个小概率事件;郭海藻当初这么一个清纯的女孩,为了帮姐姐借钱,偏偏向宋思明这个人开口,这也是一个非常小概率的事件……
过去的小说理论,总是讲人物性格的逻辑,讲人物性格决定了情节发展的轨迹;可是对许多小说而言,其人物的命运,是由一系列精心编织的小概率事件所决定的。
就是宋思明,也不具有败露的必然性,之所以败露也是小概率的事件。如果他的马仔陈寺福拆迁时不采取那么恶劣的手段;如果放火烧钉子户的那只打火机没有遗失在现场……宋思明和郭海藻“爱情”兴许还在继续呢!也就是说,贪官和二奶浮出水面,同样也是一个小概率的事件。
大家看《蜗居》电视流泪,看《蜗居》小说伤怀,是否暗含了这样的意思:唉,为什么很难发生的小概率事件编得这么好呢!
http://szsb.sznews.com/html/2010-02/08/content_960488.htm
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