汉语教学的乐趣
六六 2004-03-04 于[湾区华人论坛]
晚上有网友问我如何教华文的,我笑说独门秘方不外传。主要是可言表不可立传,容易贻笑大方。
我教孩子,属于歪教,不上正道儿,象形教法为主,意会为辅,一个字一个说法,不过跟学院派有很大的区别。比如说,“鱼”和“猫”一起教,原因是鱼是猫最爱的食物,鱼的身体被猫吃到肚子里,这俩字都有个“田”部。“鱼”拿大顶就是“画”,“冬”和“图”一起教,冬下面的点点是天上的雪花,图外面的框框,是冬天那幅图画外的FRAME。这种乱讲是不宜进教科书滴。再说“高”字,一个盒子,上面放张桌子,再上面搭个盒子,再上面架块木板,小朋友就是站在上面的小不点儿,啥感觉?——“HIGH”。“家”这个字,上面是宝盖头,代表屋顶,下面是一家人聚一起,从第一撇算,爷爷,奶奶,爸爸,妈妈和ME,这样讲解,小孩写起来一笔都不少。“读”书的读,言字旁表示要读出声音,头做底是读书的时候要用脑筋,不能光用口不用头,读书的“书”字教以前先画一节楼梯,书这个字看上去就象楼梯一样,因为读书越多,我们可以登得越高,背上的点就是往上爬的小朋友,不可以忘记。“心”这个字上面有三点,是心脏压出来的血,心脏是供血的器官。“日”“月”“山”“水”“火”“木”“石”等教以前先画象形图片,好记好看。“目”在中国字里是眼睛的意思,眼睛和太阳一样重要,没有眼睛就看不见太阳了,里面两横是因为有两只眼睛。兔子的“兔”看上去是一直在奔跑的兔子,前脚迈,后脚踹,屁股后面那一点是兔子的POO-POO,TIOLET WORDS通常很容易让孩子记住,虽然比较不雅观。“女”和“安”一起教,女字看起来象小姑娘跳芭蕾,手平举,腿交叉,“安”字是QUIET 或 SAFE,因为女孩子通常很安静,而且女孩子需要安全感,要男孩子保护。
教到“馆”的时候,食字旁表示食物,家字头表示有房顶的地方,下面两方块是桌子排起来,旁边靠着墙,这个字就是饭馆,不幸过两天被小孩抓到小辫子,问我怎么图书馆的馆也是这个字?我说因为图书馆也是有房顶,桌子整齐排好,再问怎么有食物呢?我说哪叫你在图书馆里偷吃饼干,人家写字的时候早看见了。。。。。。。。。。。。
比较好教的是木,林,森;口,吕,品;人,从,众。这个都不用解释太多。一棵树是木,一堆树是树林,一大片树是森林;口是嘴巴,吕是姓,(因为没人愿意叫“MISS 口”)“品”是GOODS,很多盒子堆一起象超市的货物一样就是品,也叫商品。礼物是PRESENT,礼品就是商店里放的PRESENT。“喝茶“是因为太阳当空,口渴了,人要喝茶,“品茶”“品酒”“品尝”就不能大口大口喝或吃,要一小口一小口吃,多吃几遍才知道味道。一个人是人,两个人你跟着我我跟着你叫从,三个人就是人民群众,意思是LOTS OF PEOPLE。
器官比较枯燥,要用活泼的方法教学,比方说“脑”,跟英语的NOW接近,先指着孩子的脑袋,厉声说:“COME HERE RIGHT NOW!”完了告诉孩子这个NOW就是中文的BRAIN。,“肺”的发音接近“飞”,因为肺有两片,和飞需要两个翅膀一样。“肠”的发音和“长”一样,因为肠是内脏器官里最长的一个。“肾”和“圣诞老人”的“圣”接近,圣诞老人放在你肚子里两颗小豆豆,就是肾。“胃”“肝”“肾”“肺”“脑”“肠”这些字都有个共同的“月”部首,“月”在中国部首里又叫“月肉旁”,意思是跟身体有关的部分。以后看到“月”字旁的字,就知道大概是身体的某一部分。
词汇的教育,尽量广泛,如,教物的时候,“礼物,动物,食物,怪物,物是人非”连一起讲,物就代表一种东西。“场”是指宽阔的地方,“农场”“运动场”“停车场”“游乐场”“广场”。
比较难的是虚词讲解,如“就”“可”“才”“难道”等等。例如“可”,除了讲“可是,可以,可恶,可怜,可口,可人,摸棱两可”,还要讲““我可找到你啦!”,这里的可就是虚词,比较难掌握的部分。
对儿童的汉语教学重在乐趣与兴趣,其中可以夹杂一些历史故事和无法解释的神奇现象,令孩子觉得学习汉语不仅仅是一门枯燥的文化,还有许多险可以探。不过我曾经差点创下大祸,搞得过于悬疑,跟孩子讲针灸的妙用,说针戳进骨头的接缝,可以治病,第二天就见一孩子拿着小树枝往另一孩子肋骨上戳,另一孩子还甘当实验品,吓得我半死。还有就是讲过中国的中草药后,孩子每见一种小草都从地上采起来放兜里带学校让我鉴别是不是中国草药。而我的麻衣看相部分,引起孩子无比之好奇,见我就伸手掌让我算算他们的未来。我只好瞎掰:“我看见你以后会嫁给一位英俊的王子,生一堆小王子和小公主。。。。。。。。”旁边一孩子接口:“是青蛙王子吗?”哈哈。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
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